Satmarsko-Berehowska plain

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Szatmarsko-Beregi plain (Szatmár-Beregi Sikság) is a geographic and ethnographic region in eastern Hungary, in the Tisza region (Tiszántul), in the Great Plain of Hungary.

Szatmarsko-Berehowska plain is a tectonic basin, filled with quaternary sediments deposited by Tisza, Samosz, Krasna and their tributaries. It is adjacent to the Nyírség upland, which separates it from Cisa and Krasná, but the course of its remaining borders is problematic because the homogeneous geomorphological unit is divided by state borders. The name of the Szatmarsko-Berehowska Plain carries only a part of it remaining in today's Hungarian borders, the Ukrainian part (Beregi-sikság) is called Transcarpathian Lowland, and the Romanian part (Szatmári-sikság) the Samosha Plain.

Szatmarsko-Berehowska plain was established in Holocene due to the tectonic depression of the north-eastern part of the then Nyírség. As a result of the change in the height of the terrain, Cisa, Samosz and their tributaries flowed here, which once flowed westward through the present (proper) Nyírség. These rivers were filled with their sediments. Still, a large part of the Szatmarsko-Berehowska Plain is covered by marshes. There are meadows and pastures along the rivers, while the higher areas are covered with soils. red clay, occupy arable land. There was a large swamp of Ecsed, now drained and converted into farmland.

The areas of the Szatmarsko-Berehowska Plain lay on the border of the Principality of Transylvania, thus avoiding the destruction during the Turkish occupation. As a result of the division of Hungary into the Trianon Treaty, the natural centers of the Plain were located outside Hungary: Satu Mare in Romania, Uzhgorod, Mukachevo and Berehovo in Ukraine. The Hungarian part of the Plain is devoid of major urban centers - in the north, the local center remains Vásárosnamény town at the confluence of Krasná to Tisza, lying on the border of Nyírség, and to the south - the towns of Fehérgyarmat and Csenger. On the Plain lies the ethnographic lands of Tiszahát and Erdöhát. The area belongs to the Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg district. Bibliography

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