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English Electric Lightning (later BAC Lightning) was a British supersonic fighter jet from the 1960s, produced in English Electric (1960 British Aircraft Corporation) and built in 339 units. It was the first British fighter to reach double the speed of sound (2 wavers).

History of the uprising

The work on Lightning's experimental prototype P.1 (from Project 1) began in the newly created English Electric Engineering (EE) office in 1947, in response to the 1997 experimental demand (ER103) the British Ministry of Supply, a supersonic experimental aircraft. The other competitor was Fairey FD.2, but unlike him, the English Electric team was planning on developing a plane as a fighter. Thanks to that, he fulfilled most of the requirements of the Ministry of Aviation No. 19/1949 for the supersonic fighter aircraft announced in the summer of 1949. The work was started under the direction of the main constructor W.E.W. Petter, but the project was soon taken over by his successor Frederick Page. On April 1, 1950, the plants received an order for the construction of two prototypes and a static flight deck. The design was used to test the wings with different bevel angles and different height control configurations on the Short SB.5 test aircraft, ordered for testing by the Royal Aircraft Establishment and tested on 2 December 1952. These tests demonstrated the validity of the concept EE to place the low altitude head instead of the top of the maneuver, which pushed the RAE.

The first English Electric pilot P.1A (No. WG 760) was tested at Boscombe Down on 4 August 1954 (pilot Roland Beamont). It was characterized by an unorthodox arrangement of two jet engines placed in the fuselage one above the other, with the nozzles of both engines at the end of the fuselage. The other unusual feature was the large 60 ° wings, with truncated tips perpendicular to the hull on which the ailerons were located (they resembled the delta wing, but with a triangular cut in the rear of the hull). In addition, the shape of the wing-shaped repeats was low in the lower part of the hull. These qualities have survived in the later Lightning. The P.1A aircraft had a central unregulated oval air intake in the nose of the hull. The engines were Armstrong Siddeley Sapphire Sa.5 engines with a thrust of 35.6 kN (3639 kg). On August 11, 1954, in the third flight, he crossed the speed of sound in a horizontal flight as the first British aircraft. The second prototype (WG 763), dated 18 July 1955, received a 44.54 kN (4540 kg) afterburning engine and a gun.

On the basis of the P.1A experimental aircraft, a prototype fighter P.1B was developed, commissioned April 4, 1957 (pilot R. Beamont). The nose of the fuselage was changed, using a supersonic air intake with a movable central cone, adjusting the geometry of the engine's inlet to the Mach number in flight, and the radar station in the serial aircraft. The engines were two more powerful Rolls-Royce Avon 24R engines with 64.2 kN (6545 kg) thrusters. The cockpit was placed higher, for better visibility, and behind it a narrow hump appeared, fading into the malfunction, and housed some of the equipment. In addition to the three prototypes P.1B (XA 847, 853, 856), a batch of 20 pre-production aircraft (built for the first time in British practice) was built between 1958 and 1959. The first was tested on 3 April 1958. and various systems, including armament, and a small, conformal conformal shell (adjacent to the hull) were tested.

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