Bacteriophage ΦX174

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Bacteriophage ΦX174 or Fag Fi-X174 - bacterial virus (bacteriophage) and the first DNA virus, the genetic material of which was successfully sequenced by Fred Sanger and his team in 1977. In 1962 Walter Fiers demonstrated the closed, circular structure of bacteriophage DNA Fi-X174.

It is a virus with a very small amount of genetic material in the form of a single, continuous (circular) DNA strand, having 11 genes in 5386 bases. A dozen of them express similar functions in two groups. The GC area is 44%, and 95% of the nucleotides are the coding genes.

The characteristic feature of the expression of this phage is that the genetic code is overlapping. Ie. Genetic information is readily available in two different reading frames, resulting from the small genome of this phage and its economic use.

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