Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture

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The Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture (Royal Academy of Fine Arts and Sculpture) is an art institution founded in Paris in 1648, which conducts pedagogical and theoretical work.

It was created by artists (including Charles Le Bruna) who wanted to get rid of the guild organization. Until the founding of the French painters and sculptors, as in the Middle Ages, belonged to the guild. They learned from the guild master, then became journeymen and masters. This profession was often passed on by fathers to sons who supplemented their education in workshops of other masters. In the guild system, the position of the artist equaled the position of the craftsman.

In the years 1663-1664 the Academy was reorganized by Jean-Baptiste Colbert and Le Bruna. It became a state institution, subordinated to the king, whose members were left with court painters and received other privileges. Le Brun (head of state until 1683), head of the Louvre.

The academy was based on the Roman Accademia di San Luca (St. Luke's Academy) (1577) and the Bologna Accademia degli Incamminati (about 1600). She herself became a model for similar academies of art, founded in Europe in the 17th and 18th centuries, eg Vienna (1692) and Munich (1760).

The academy educated young artists, as a basis for drawing science. In the workshops, castings of ancient sculptures and living models were used. Since 1664, the distinctive pupils have been awarded the Prix de Rome, which allowed them to study in Italy.

In 1793, the Académie des Beaux-Arts and the École nationale supérieure des beaux-arts were established. Bibliography

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