Absolute truth (Buddhism)

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Absolute truth (satya paramārtha [satya] परमार्थ; pillar paramattha; chinese zhendi (真谛); tro'n tu'c - one of the two types of truth in Buddhism

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This is the ultimate, absolute, noumenal truth contrasted with the conventional, relative truth of the phenomenal world. Although the problem of two truths was dealt with by early Buddhist schools, this was followed by subsequent Buddhist traditions such as Madhyamika and the Chinese school of tiantai. The doctrine of two truths has already been well developed in texts such as "Aṣṭasāhasrika" and other parts of Prajānaparamita, Saddharma Pundarīka sūtra, Samādhirāja sūtra etc.

In his famous work Mādhyamika Kārikā Nagardzhun wrote Those who are not aware of the difference between these two truths are not capable of grasping the profound meaning of the teachings of the Buddha. Paramartha satya, or Absolute Truth, is knowledge of the reality that it is without any distortion (skt akrtrimam vasturūpam). All categories of thinking, points of view, etc. distort the truth, unwittingly forcing the mind to examine things in a constrained and biased way. There is an innate incapable of showing us the truth. Paramarth is the total absence of reason (skt buddhi), which is thus identified with the conventional truth - samvṛti satya.

The absolute truth is completely out of the reach of discursive thinking, language, and empirical action. These things deal with conventional truth. Prajñākaramati wrote Paramartha is in fact completely inane (skt anabhilāpya), unthinkable (skt anājñeya), not to be taught (...)

Paramartha is therefore an inexpressible language and belongs to an unmeasurable level with the aid of Reason. It is an experience in which the actual intellect and intellect do not differ (skt advaya - they are not two), there is no distinction, degrees, levels, etc. Therefore, it has a uniform, undifferentiated nature. In budism, it carries a number of names: Tathatā, Bhūta-koṭi, Dharmatā, Dharmadhātu and Śūnyata. View Bibliography

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