National School of Economics

The National School of Economics (German National School) - the trend in economics, the concept of the development of the politically disrupted German state of the feudal economy, which was founded in the first half of the 19th century. Rise

The National School of Economics was established in 1834 after the creation of the German Customs Union. According to its recommendations, the union used the customs cover of the entire German territory. The adherents of the German national school rejected the economics of Adam Smith, in which the most effective economic system is the market economy, and the role of the state in the economy should be limited to the minimum. They have also rejected the atomist conception of society and the idea that people are doing business, mainly by profit. They acknowledged that Smith's theory and the resulting policy of economic liberalism were not useful for feudal Germany and devised rules that would help the Germans escape from economic backwardness and become economic power. Assumptions and Representatives

The ideological source of the national school was political and economic romanticism. His representative, Adam Müller, glorified the Germanic past and medieval institutions when Germany was a strong state, recognizing that the state was a social institution independent of the individual and encompassing all spheres of its activity. Society regarded as an element of a state beyond which social life was impossible. He believed that the state was connecting the past, present and future generations. He urged the ban on free trade. The benefits of free trade are reaching the economically stronger countries. In underdeveloped countries, the emerging and not fully mature industries must be protected until they have the ability to resist self-competition. Müller argued that national wealth was not only material but also immaterial, human talents, culture, knowledge and tradition. As a cause of economic crises, he recognized technical progress and increased prices.

The Müller concept developed as the main author of the Friedrich List school, which advocated an interdisciplinary approach to economic research. culture, customs and history of a given nation. He claimed that there was a nation that was an ethical body between the individual and the state. Belonging to the nation determines the connectivity of generations, and the expression of the bonds of the generation is the economy. The higher the level, the better the unit lives.

The concept developed by Friedrich List was an original theory of development whereby every nation in economic development goes through five stages:

The nation that has reached the last stage has become an economic power, which was a condition of high economic levels and significant territory. The letter argued that international trade is beneficial only if countries of equal development take part. He advocated state intervention of an educational nature (protective duties).

In Poland, during the interwar period, Henryk Radziszewski, professor of economics in Lublin and Stefan Dziewulski,

The claims of a national school in economics also appear today as arguments for the protection of indigenous production in the early stages of its development. Bibliography

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