Biomarkers (toxicology)

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Biomarkers - measurable changes in the cells of the organism and the biochemical processes involved in them, induced by the absorbed xenobiotics. Biomarkers are specific tags and evidence of absorption of toxins into the body.

Based on the analysis of biomarkers present in the body, you can get information:

A substance selected as a biomarker for exposure to a given xenobiotic should be easy to isolate from biological material and in analysis, and to quantitatively correlate with the absorbed dose of xenobiotic. Exposure biometers

The biomarker analysis of exposures is defined differently by biological monitoring. It consists in testing the concentration of toxic substances or metabolites resulting from its activity in biological material. Knowing the pathway and speed of the metabolism of the substances in the body, it is possible to assess the absorbed dose of xenobiotics and the resulting health risks from the biomarkers analysis.

For example, a biomarker of xylene exposure is a metabolite - methyleptic acid - in urine. Methyl hypophosphoric acid in urine exceeding 1.4 g / dm³ proves that xylene is being absorbed by the investigated person. Biomarkers of the effect

These are measurable biochemical, physiological or structural changes occurring in the body under the action of xenobiotic. Their study is an important element of health surveillance for workers exposed to harmful substances. These biomarkers can also be used to identify the source of poisoning, to plan treatment and to determine the prognosis. For example, the organophosphorus compound biomarker effect is acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, an enzyme that is inhibited by these toxins. Therefore, too little AChE activity in the blood can lead to organophosphorus poisoning. Bibliography

See terms related to medical terms and related wikipedia.

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