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Outer layer - material surface and subsurface area whose properties differ from deeper layers (ie, core). In Poland it is defined by the norm (PN-87 / M-04250). Metallurgy

The differences in properties between the top and the core are naturally created during the manufacturing and operation of the element and can be artificially generated to obtain specific surface features of the element. The desired features of the surface layer are achieved during operations such as lapping or polishing (lowering roughness) or carburizing or hammering (hardening). The surface layer should not be confused with the coating, ie with a layer of other material applied to the surface of the element.

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