Febrile convulsions


Febrile seizures - convulsions occurring in children aged 6 months to 5 years (most commonly between 18 and 24 months), occurring in the case of acute febrile illness, in whom acute CNS disease with cerebrospinal inflammation is excluded .

Febrile seizures occur during pneumonia, otitis media, bronchitis. The temperature is usually 39-40 ° C. Children who have convulsions below 38.5 ° C are at increased risk of developing epilepsy. Convulsions appear in 50% during the first 24 hours of infection, but they are often the first manifestations of an infection (even before the onset of fever). It is estimated that at least one episode of this type of seizure occurs in 2-4% of children under 5 years of age. Fever is thought to be caused by three factors:

The occurrence of febrile convulsions is explained by CNS immaturity, in particular unfinished myelination processes and immaturity of the neurotransmitter system, in particular GABA. Hyponatremia also plays an important role in the pathogenesis of febrile seizures.

Treatment mainly involves lowering body temperature (cold compresses) and administration of antipyretic drugs. Quitting seizures involves administration of, for example, diazepam (0.5 mg / kg m.c. intravenously, intramuscularly or rectally) or clonazepam (0.5 mg). Bibliography

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