The Kroll process

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Kroll process - pyrometallurgical process of obtaining metallic titanium. It was originally developed by William Kroll in 1940 in Luxembourg. After moving to the United States, Kroll developed the process in 1945 for zirconia extraction. The Kroll process replaced the Hunter process in the industry - almost all titanium is now obtained in the Kroll process. Process

Purified rutile (or ilmenite) from ore is reduced with kerosene and coke in a 1000 ° C fluorescence reactor. It is then mixed with gas chlorine - TiCl4 titanium tetrachloride and other chlorides (impurities) are removed which are removed by fractional distillation. Then, the TiCl4 stainless steel retort is reduced with magnesium (15-20% excess reducer). The response is as follows: 2Mg(l) + TiCl4(g) → 2MgCl2(l) + Ti(s) [T = 800-850 °C]

The problem is a side reaction of the reduction of titanium chloride to its lower TiCl 2 and TiCl 3 chloride. MgCl2 magnesium chloride can be reduced back to pure magnesium. The resulting metallic titanium sponge can be purified by leaching or distilled in a vacuum. The sponge is subjected to mechanical treatment and then melted in a vacuum electric furnace. Casted titanium bars crystallize in a vacuum to prevent oxidation. The titanium obtained is about six times more expensive than stainless steel. Bibliography

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