Molisch's reaction

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Molisch reaction, Molisch test - a characteristic reaction used to detect sugars and their derivatives.

Execution

Add naphthol to the test solution, mix and pour carefully concentrated sulfuric acid on the wall. The appearance of the reddish color on the solution border indicates a positive test result. Mechanism

As a result of concentrated sulfuric acid, furfural (in the case of pentoses), hydroxymethylfurfural (in the case of hexoses) or other furfural derivatives, depending on the type of sugar. The aldehyde group of the resulting furfural reacts with the two α-naphthol molecules to form polycyclic red color products, eg for glucose:

Positive tests give in addition to sugars all compounds containing sugar ring, in an acidic environment hydrolyzing to monosaccharides. The negative result excludes the presence of sugars. Bibliography

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