Surface surplus

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Surface excess, also: adsorption excess, adsorption surplus - amount of adsorbate (usually calculated per unit area or, for simplification, per unit mass of adsorbent), which due to adsorption moved from so-called. "volume phase" (part of the system beyond the range of adsorption forces) to the "surface phase" (within the range of adsorption forces). This "surface phase" has no predetermined thickness, although it is often limited to one or more diameters of the adsorbate molecules.

If the density of the adsorbate (corresponding to the pressure or concentration of adsorbate) in the "volume phase" is small compared to its density in the "surface phase", then only the amount of adsorbate on the surface (in the surface phase) . real adsorption. However, in systems where the density of the adsorbate in the surface phase is comparable to that of the bulk phase (or even less), a surface surplus must be investigated, which assumes a constant volume of the surface phase is approximately proportional to the difference in density of the adsorbate in the surface and volume phase . While actual adsorption is always non-negative, the surface surplus can be positive (positive adsorption increases the adsorbate density at the adsorbent surface) as well as the negative (decreasing the adsorbate density as compared to the volumetric phase, displacing the adsorbate).

When analyzing adsorption, we usually refer to the adsorption volume, ie the amount of adsorbed adsorbed. In fact, the surface is the measurable size.

The redundant adsorption analysis is often based on adsorption isotherms. The most common isotropy of redundant adsorption is Everett's isotherm. With a simple linear form it is easy to determine the parameters of this equation. If the experimental data are linear in the coordinates of the Everett equation, then the isomorphic system is assumed to satisfy the theoretical assumptions of the isotherm. This equation contains an implicit assumption about the adsorption mono-homogeneity and the homogeneity of the adsorbent surface.

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