Interferometria

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Interferometry - a technique that uses the interference of electromagnetic waves (light, radio waves) to measure, such as wavelengths, angular measurements, quality control of elements and optical systems.

Interferometry is also used in experimental mechanics (interferometry moiré, holography, or spot interferometry). These techniques are used primarily to measure the displacement and shape of objects, but with the information obtained from measurements of the displacement field, it is possible to easily deform the object under investigation by numerical differentiation.

The first stage of each of the above methods is to illuminate the surface of the object under test with the carrier beam. The carrier wave is a known signal that will be modified as a result of surface changes. In the case of holographic interferometry, the characteristic stripe distribution obtained is the result of the interference of the carrier wave reflected from the altered, for example deformed, object with the wave reflected from the primary object, where coherent monochrome laser light is used as the supporting wave. The bands are often called isoteic lines or fixed displacement lines because each band is above those points of the object that have moved by the same size.

Currently, optical interferometry (visible electromagnetic waves) is also used to obtain images of extremely high resolution astronomical objects.

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