Shot blast

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Shot blast (Schrotrauschen) - fluctuations occurring in systems containing relatively few particles capable of carrying energy. An example is the noise associated with the flow of electric current associated with the grainy nature of the electrical charge. Shot noise is white noise and is characterized by a normal distribution of instantaneous values ​​and a constant spectral density of energy. Shot noise measurements allow you to determine the magnitude of the charge.

Depending on the type of electronic element and operating conditions, these noise correspond to different phenomena. In semiconductor components, they arise as a result of fluctuations in diffusion or irregular media passing through the potential barrier. These can be seen in the p-n connector. Due to the nature of the formation, the noise is divided into diffusion and generative-recombinant.

In the lamps, the shot noise is related to the random nature of the electron exit time from the cathode during the emission and also the random distribution of their speed.

This term was introduced by Walter Schottky in 1918, which theoretically estimated the fluctuations of anode current of a vacuum diode in saturation.

The effective value of the current fluctuation is described by the Schottky formula:

I s from = 2 e I & # x0394; f {\displaystyle I_{sz}={\sqrt {2eI\Delta f}}}

Where:

e {\displaystyle e} - electron charge,

I {\displaystyle I} - average current value,

& # x0394; f {\displaystyle \Delta f} - noise frequency band.

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