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Gaius Aelius Gallus - Roman soldier, prefect of Egypt (praefectus aegypti) during the reign of Octavian Augustus, d. About 20 years old.

In the year 25 p.n. Gallus left the port at Cleopatra in the Red Sea, commanding a land expedition to subdue the empire of the Sheba Kingdom and capture his capital, Marib, on the southwestern tip of the Arabian Peninsula in present-day Yemen. <<> The Sabaians were descendants of the people, who in the biblical times ruled the queen, whose name the Bible does not give, and the extrabiblical sources call it Bilkis or Makeda. In the first century, p.n.e. Their country was an important trading center through which all trade between the Mediterranean countries (especially Egypt) and India was transacted. The kingdom, naturally isolated from the world, was never conquered either by the Persians or by the Romans. Having joined Egypt to the Roman Empire, the conquest of the kingdom of Saba became an important step in establishing direct contact between Rome and the East. Gallus led his expedition through the dry areas along the east coast of the Red Sea to turn east on the border of Yemen to Marib. The invaders were repulsed, while Gaius Aelius Gallus's achievement was that he carried his remnants back to Egypt, enriching knowledge of the geography of the territories known in antiquity as Arabia Felix, and never before visited.

On the expedition to Marib, Strabon (XVI, 780-783), Cassius Dion (LIII, 29) and Pliny the Elder wrote. Bibliography

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