Bacteriofag T-4

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Model bakteriofaga T4 Model bakteriofaga T4 Structure diagram: 1 - head 2 - tail 3 - nucleic acid 4 - capsule 5 - collar 6 - shrink sheath 7 - fibrils 8 - hooks 9 - base plate

Bacteriophage T4 - contains double stranded DNA (174,000 base pairs) of a capsidium-shaped capsule that is in the shape of a regular iodine (ikosaedru) that infects Escherichia coli bacteria.

This is one of the best known viruses that has become a "prototype" of a bacteriophage or a virus and has been most widely used in research in the field. It is common in the intestinal flora of humans and mammals.

It is attached to a bacterial tail, and then, by shrinking the sheath of the tail, injects its genetic material into the bacterial cell. It takes control of the cell, causing the bacteria to break down. Nucleotides resulting from this degradation are used to amplify the virus DNA. At the same time, the virus genes encoding the capsid proteins are activated, resulting in capsomers being produced. Kapsomer and viral DNA spontaneously form new virions. The last step is to decompose the cell wall of bacteria.

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