Trade Union of Merchants and Craftsmen
Trade Union of Merchants and Craftsmen - Political movement in France, created in the early 1950s (Union pour la Defense des Commercants et Artisans). It is considered to be a specific political phenomenon of the Fourth Republic of France. This movement was born in the early 1950s as a response to the effects of the Second Industrial Revolution, and therefore to the mass production and sales. The weaker industrialized provinces of southern and western France suffered the most, and in particular small-scale producers, craftsmen and traders dwelt there. They arranged their charismatic Pierre Poujade, who traveled the country speaking dozens of speeches. Famous for its intrusion, at the head of the so-called. "Commandos," to the Chamber of Deputies, where he illegally popped into the podium and spoke for a long time criticizing the government and throwing insults at Edgar Faure. "Poujadists" did not have a coherent program. He embraced the spontaneous slogans directed against the government and the parliament and financial control officials who imposed excessive taxes on merchants by limiting their profits. In the face of industrialization and urbanization, people in the trade and services sector have lost out in competition with supermarkets and large industries. With such slogans, the UDCA candidates ran an election campaign, supporting them with the slogan "sortez les sortans", thus preventing the re-election of former MPs. As a result of the January 1956 vote, the UDCA obtained 52 seats to fill the Chamber of Deputies (11.4%). Among the deputies were J.-M. Le Pen. The success of the "pioneers" has received the most votes from the socialist parties and the Catholic MRP (Republican-People's Movement). These parties have seen irregularities in the elections and as a result have canceled several UDCA mandates. Inside the movement itself, there was also a break-up and many activists began to leave Poujade, including Le Pen. He was accused of totalitarian ways of government and the union's contributions. In 1958 the movement of "shopkeepers" disintegrated almost completely. The UDCA's electorate, however, had a traditionalistic and nationalist face and was derived from old marshal Ph. Petain. Sam Poujade was aware of the ideological cross-section of his constituencies and even during the 1955 campaign he modeled on Juana Peron and the patriotic style of his speeches, claiming that "his shopkeepers are a straightforward continuation of Wagram and Verdun soldiers." P. Poujade and his followers, after their return to de Gaulle, stood against him and against the V Republic. The participants of the Algerian "barricade week" (January 1960) and OAS terrorist militants were recruited from the UDCA.
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