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Bod (Baud) - a measure of the speed of the signal (the number of changes in the transmission medium per second) in the modulated signal. The name comes from the name Émile Baudot, the creator of the Baudot telegraph code.

For example, 250 bps means that the signal can change 250 times per second. If each signal change carries 4 bits of information, it means that 1000 bits per second can be transmitted, which means that the transmission bandwidth of 1000 bps can be achieved. Note: Bod should not be confused with the data rate (measured in bits per second), since each signal change can carry one or more bits (for example, 16-QAM is 4 bits). When each signal change carries only one beep information, then the number of baud is equal to the data rate. However, encoding more bits (per unit of signal shift) is used more commonly to better utilize the bandwidth and, as a result, increase the data rate. For this reason, the modem transmitting data at 2400 bits per second can actually have a baud rate of 1200 baud when quadrature amplitude modulation QAM is used to encode the data, which enables encoding of 2 bits at each substitution.

A good example of the difference between the speed expressed in bits and in bits per second is a person using a single flag. It can change the position of the hand once in every second, so its speed of change of signal (baud) is one per second. The flag can be held in one of eight positions: up, left at 45 degrees up, left, left at 45 degrees down, down, right at 45 degrees down, right, in right at 45 degrees up. This means that each signal has three bits information (three different bits can be written in 8 different flags), so the baud rate is 3 bits per second (100 bits per second is 300 bits per second). p> Bibliography

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