Black Hand (Serbia)

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Black Serpent (Serbian Црна рука / Crna Ruka) - Serbian conspiratorial organization founded on 22 May 1911 in Belgrade by officers who participated in the assassination of King Alexander Obrenović and his wife Draga Mašin (June 10, 1903).

The organization was directed by Colonel Dragutin Dimitrijević. Apis, head of the Serb military intelligence. It was composed of Ilija Radivojevic, Bogdan Radenkovic, Čedomiľ A. Popović, Velimir S. Vemić, Vojislav Tankosić, Ilija M. Jovanović, Milan Vasić and Milan G. Milovanović. Its program was the liberation of Serbs outside of Serbia (that is, from Austro-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire) and the unification of all the Serbian lands within the Kingdom of Serbs. This program was included in its official name: Ujedinjenje ili smrt - "Unification or death". The Black Hand, headquartered in Belgrade, dealt with propaganda and organized a fight against Austria-Hungary in Bosnia. In her ranks in 1914 there were about 2500 people, mostly young officers, but also civilians.

In 1911, an attempt was made to assassinate Emperor Franz Joseph and then Austria's Governor General Oscar Poseidon. The Black Hand was the organizer of the successful assassination of the successor of the Austrian throne, Francis Ferdinand. The performers were the attackers from the organization of Young Bosnia, and directly Gawriło Princip. This coup was a direct excuse for the outbreak of World War I.

Prince Alexander, head of the Serbian army, seeing the growing influence of the organization, put the Black Hand leaders in court for trying to take a coup. May 23, 1917, the court found Dimitrijević guilty of treason and sentenced to death. The verdict was made on June 27, 1917 in Thessaloniki. Bibliography



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