Rule

Janusz Gramza (born 1943 in Częstochowa) - Polish manager, former governor of Lubuskie. Curriculum vitae He graduated in 1967 from the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering at the Poznań University of Technology. During the Polish People's Republic, he remained a non-party member. Since the 1970s he has held managerial positions in companies. He was the main engineer at Silva Silva Plant in Gorzów Wielkopolski. In 1979-1986 he was the director of the chief carpentry factory in Bialystok, then until 2003 he was the managing director and president of the board of Stilon Chemical Fibers Plant. Also associated with industry organizations, including the Polish Chamber of Chemical Industry. In the years 2004-2006, he was the governor of Lubuskie wiki

Mirosław Swoszowski (born October 6, 1956 in Tarnow) is a Polish teacher, politician and government official. Curriculum vitae He graduated in 1979 from the Faculty of Mathematics and Physics of the Pedagogical University of Cracow. He worked as a teacher, from 1990 to 1995 he was the director of the II Secondary School in Tarnów. He later served as deputy mayor of this city. From 1997 to 2001 he served as a Member of Parliament for the third term of office of the Solidarity Electoral Action. In 2001 he applied for re-election unsuccessfully. He belonged to the RS AWS, later worked in the Family-Fatherland party. He works in the Supreme Chamber of Control as the chief specialist in state control in the delegation in Cracow. He is the Vice President of the Polish Federation of Catholic Family Associations. Bibliography wiki

Brahmo Samadhi (Bengali Brahman) is a Hindu religious monastic community founded in 1828 or 1829 as Brahmo Sabha by Rammohan Raya, reformed by Debendranath, father of Rabindranath Tagore. Doctrine The Association favors the transformation of Hinduism in the spirit of European rationalism. It was against idolatry, rituals, caste system, sati customs. They sought to modernize the Indian society, but without breaking with tradition, inspired the vedanta. Famous members The Brahmo Samad included: wiki

Robert (Robin) Sanno Fåhræus (born October 15, 1888 in Stockholm, died September 18, 1968 in Uppsala, Sweden), pathologist and hematologist. He was born in Stockholm as a son of Walter Fåhræus and actress Olga Kristina Augusty Björkegren. He studied at the Karolinska Institute and doctorate in 1922. In the same year he made a habilitation from experimental pathology and in 1928 he received a chair of pathological anatomy in Uppsala. At the founding meeting of the International Society of Hemorheology in July 1966, Robin Fåhræus was awarded the first highest award by ISH, the Poiseuille medal. Selected works wiki

Stefano di Ceccano (died 23 November 1227) - Italian Cardinal. Curriculum vitae He came from the Countess of Terracina. He joined the Cistercian Order in the Fossanov monastery, where he later became a preacher and then abbot. He was a friend of Dominic Guzmán, the founder of the Dominican Order. Kamerling of the Holy Roman Church from 1206 to 1216. In 1213, Pope Innocent III appointed him Cardinal-priest of the SS. XII Apostles. He participated in the papal election of 1216 and the papal election of 1227. He died in Rome and was buried in the Liberian Basilica. Bibliography wiki

Airplay - a term used in the radio industry to determine the frequency of a song's performance on a given radio station. The term is also used in music stations to determine the frequency of a video. In most countries, there is at least one list of hits that takes into account the frequency of playing a single on a radio station (Radio Airplay Chart). Larger countries, such as the United States, have several such lists, also separate for different musical genres or even for a particular region. wiki

Brucella dogs - a serious infectious disease of dogs caused by gram-negative bacteria Brucella canis. In males, this disease causes inflammation of the testicles and epididymis, which in consequence leads to infertility. In acute cases, even nuclear decay. In the case of bitches lead to miscarriage, which in consequence leads to prolonged leakage from the genital tract lasting up to 6 weeks. In extreme cases it leads to infertility. This disease can occur in dogs without any visible symptoms. Carriers of these germs can spread and infect others. The infection can occur through the contact of mucous membranes with vaginal discharge, urine or sperm, as well as with aborted fetuses. Treatment is long-term and not fully effective in the form of cure. wiki

Helmut Karol Nowak (born January 20, 1938) is a Polish football player, currently playing as a midfielder. Club career Szombierek Bytom. In 1959 he went to Warsaw Legia, where he played until 1962. In her colors he played 74 league matches, 1 match of the Polish Cup and also 2 in the Champions Cup. Later he returned to Szombierek, where he ended his career. Representative career Nowak played two matches in the Polish national team, debuting on 26 August 1956 in a meeting with Bulgaria, played in Wroclaw. wiki

The principle of measuring a stone Kamal - a device used in navigation to determine latitude, by determining the height of the Polar Star over the horizon. It was mainly used in the Arab world. It consists of a small board with a hole through which a string with knots is threaded. One end of the string is held in the teeth, the other pulls the hand roughly horizontally. Then move the board so that the lower edge overlaps with the horizon, and the top with the blue body (most often Polar). The position of the board allows you to read the height of the star over the horizon, allowing you to specify the latitude. wiki

About America's Democracy (De la démocratie en Amérique) - a two-volume work by Alexis de Tocqueville published in 1835 (first volume) and 1840 (second volume), containing an analysis of American political society. In his work, de Tocqueville paid particular attention to: Criticism of methodology Michael R. Hill compares the methodology of Alexis de Tocqueville and Harriet Martineau, on the basis of which they collected data for their work. Both of them stayed in the United States at a similar time and both wrote a socio- American democracy. Hill mentions some of the errors underlying the methodology of American democracy in Alexis de Tocqueville. These are: wiki

Christian Goldbach (born 18 March 1690, died 20 November 1764) was a Prussian mathematician. He is known for his Goldbach hypothesis. He was born in Konigsberg, the capital of Prince Prussia, which was then part of Brandenburg-Prussia. He was the son of a pastor. In 1725 he undertook work at the newly opened Petersberg Academy of Sciences. He taught, among other things. future Russian Tsar Peter II. In 1742 he took charge of the Russian Foreign Ministry. He died in Moscow. Goldbach has traveled extensively throughout Europe, encountering renowned mathematicians such as Leibniz, Leonard Euler and Nicholas I Bernoulli. The most famous is the correspondence with these mathematicians; In one of the letters addressed in 1742 to Euler he formulated his hypothesis in the field of number theory. He was mainly involved in the field of mathematical analysis, as well as in the study of the great powers; in the latter field he proved several theorems. Authoritative control (person):

Andrew Lesnie (born 1956 in Sydney, Australia, April 27, 2015) is an Australian film director. Oscar Winner. In 1979 he graduated from the Australian Film Television and Radio School. He began his career on television, working in a number of productions, both television and film. In the mid-1990s he took part in two animated films: Babe - a pig with class (1995) and Babe: Pig in the city (1998). International fame brought him collaboration with Peter Jackson. Lesnie was the author of the film for the film The Lord of the Rings trilogy, and for the Fellowship of the Ring he won in 2002 Oscar. They also produced a new version of King Kong (2005). Authoritative control (person): wiki

Kital (Arabic qitāl, literally fighting) - this word comes from the qātal verb meaning the general concept of fighting and fighting others, referring to the pre-Muslim tradition of struggle rooted in the ethics of the Bedouin tribes. In the Koran the kital is understood as an armed struggle. The Qur'an usually appears in a context that clearly indicates that it was the first Muslims, especially the settled Arabs, of a tradition other than the Bedouin nomadic tribes, treated exceptionally reluctantly. Kital, however, is the duty of every Muslim when he is attacked by an external enemy. "Fight on the path of God those who fight you, but do not cross the borders, because God does not like those who cross the borders." The term kital refers to the last of the four principles of proper jihad, which should be guided by heart, tongue, hands and sword. This is a "small" jihad, unlike jihad "big", that is, to make every effort to achieve salvation. The armed st

Antalkidas - (? - 367 p.n.) - Spartan politician and leader. Antalkidas during the Corinthian War (394 - 387), since 392 was a Spartan marshal in Sardes at the court of the Persian satrapy Tiribazos. In his message, he proposed to the Persian king Artaxerxes II Mnemon the withdrawal of Greek cities in Asia Minor, in return for guaranteeing the autonomy of all other cities, which would have resulted in the dissolution of all unions outside the Peloponnesian Union led by Sparta. At the beginning, the king and Athens rejected the proposals, but after addressing Athens on the side of Euagoras I, the king of Cyprus, in the battle with the Persians. Artaxerxes changed his policy and Antalkidas in 387 p.n.e. The year has come to an end with Persia. To gain Athens and their allies, Antalkidas, thanks to the money and assistance of Tiribazos, took over the Hellespont and thus cut off supplies from the Black Sea to Greece, including Athens. This maneuver caused the submission of the Greek st

Angus - a male name of Celtic origin, meaning a unique choice, a selective, exceptional strength. Formerly The name was given after the father, or ancestor, who was considered as the chosen one and marked significantly in the history of the region or community. It could only be given in a simple genealogical line, and there could not be more than one living person in the family who wore that name. Now The relatively popular men's name in Scotland, in Ireland a little rarer. In Scotland, it is often used as a name. Bibliography wiki

Giorgio Rubino, Barcelona 2010 Giorgio Rubino (born May 21, 1986 in Rome) is an Italian governess. Bronze medalist of the European junior championship in 2005 at 10000 m. At the 2007 World Track Championships in Osaka he finished 5th in the race at 20 km. In 2009 he finished 4th at the same distance during the World Cup in Berlin, but in 2017 he was awarded a bronze medal after the disqualification of Russian Walery Borchen. He also won the silver medal of the Mediterranean Games. Gold medalist of the Italian championship. wiki

Anthurium grenade AN-M14; incendiary material (termite) marked in green A hand grenade launcher - a hand grenade used to destroy a living enemy's strength, destroy vehicles, stores and fortifications, by firing them. The pomegranate consists of a thin-walled shell filled with incendiary material, usually white phosphorus and a fuse. White phosphorus is particularly dangerous because it causes difficult healing. Another thermogenic substance used in grenades is termite, which has the advantage of a very high burning temperature (2500-3000) and atmospheric oxygen independence. wiki

Szlamica - a slope in the Augustowska Forest, is the western basin of Lake Szlamy. Szlamica flows through the lakes: Głębokie and Szlamy and flows into the river Marychy in Belarus. In this river only spring can be used to travel wandering fences, pikes and weirs. In the summer, the lower part of the river takes over submerged vegetation, which virtually prevents fishing. In the middle of the section between Lake Szlama and the entrance to Marychy is the village of Kalety. Bibliography wiki

Ludwik Jerzy Rakowski (born October 2, 1975 in Warsaw) is a Polish politician, self-governmental politician, deputy speaker of the Mazowieckie Voivodship, 2007-2010. Curriculum vitae He graduated from the Faculty of Law and Administration at the University of Warsaw. From 1998 to 2002 he was a councilor of the Warsaw district selected from the AWS list (as a member of SKL). Later he served as deputy mayor of Wilanów. In the municipal elections in 2006, the Civic Platform received the mandate of the councilor of the Mazowieckie Voivodship and he was also the mayor of the district. In the local elections in 2010 he was re-elected to the regional council of Mazowieckie Province. In December 2007, he was appointed Deputy Marshal of the Mazowieckie Voivodeship after the resignation of Tomasz Siemoniak, appointed deputy minister at the Ministry of Interior and Administration. He served this term until 2010, when he became the chairman of the Sejmiku of the Mazowieckie 4th term. In the

USS Saco tugboat in service at the beginning of the 20th century. The second United States Navy ship carrying this name. The tug "Alexander Brown" was built in 1912 for the Aransas Dock and Channel Company, Aransas Pass, Texas by A.C. Brown and Son, Tottenville (New York). It was purchased by the Navy on 30 September 1918 and was designated SP-2725. Purchased for use as a tugboat at Naval Air Station in Key West operated there as "Alexander Brown" until November 24, 1920, when it was renamed "Saco" and received the classification number YT-31. He continued towing until he was removed from the Navy List on October 22, 1926. He was sold on May 3, 1927 to N. Block and Company, Norfolk. Bibliography This article contains content provided within the public domain by the Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. wiki

Artur Hofman (born 1959 in Wałbrzych) - Polish actor, director and journalist, Jewish community activist in Poland, since 2006 chairman of the Jewish Social and Cultural Association in Poland, 2009 editor of the Jewish Word. Curriculum vitae In 1982 he passed an extermination exam for the actors of the drama in Warsaw. In 1992 he graduated from the Department of Directing at the State Higher School of Theater in Warsaw. In 1977-1982 he was an adept, and in 1982-1991 he was an actor of the Jewish Theater in Warsaw. In 1993-1998 he worked as a director of the Operetta and Operetta in Szczecin. Since 2003 he has been a director at the Jewish Theater. In 2002 he directed and wrote the screenplay for the Flying Ambulance. He was the Vice-President of the Warsaw Jewish Social and Cultural Society. In 2006 he was elected chairman of the TSKŻ. Since autumn 2009 he has been the editor of the Jewish Word. He is a founding member of B'nai B'rith Polska, reactivated in 2007. Filmog

Paweł Moskalewicz (born 1974) - journalist, editor-in-chief of biweekly "Forum". Previously he was the deputy editor of this title. Previously he worked as deputy editor of the editorial board of Bloomberg Businessweek Polska. From February 2012 to March 2013 the publisher of the weekly "Wprost" (left the editorial office by Sylwester Latkowski), and since September 2011 co-creator and editor of economic magazine "Bloomberg Businessweek Polska". Since February 2010, deputy head of the Information Service of TVP Info, then p.o. Head of Information Service TVP Info. The station left in September 2011. By mid 2009 the deputy editor-in-chief and head of the national department in the weekly "Przekrój". He has been working since November 2007. Previously, he was the deputy editor of the "Forum" weekly. He also worked as editorial editor of "Dziennik" and deputy editor of "Rzeczpospolita" and "Puls Biznesu"

Vindšachtské jazero - an artificial water reservoir in the Štiavnické Bane Mountains in Slovakia in the south-eastern part of Štiavnické Bane. The reservoir was built in the years 1712-1715 according to the design of Mateusz Kornel Hella. It was destined, like other Banskavakai taekwondo, to collect the water needed to drive the machines and equipment of local mines and steelworks. The surface of the reservoir is 4.40 ha, the maximum depth is 13.5 m and the volume is about 534 thousand. m³. Water led to the lake from the surrounding slopes four aggregate channels with a total length of 9 km. Currently used for recreational purposes: swimming, water sports, fishing. Bibliography wiki

Dawid Torosiewicz (born 1787, August 8, 1849) is a Polish advocate, the precursor of the principles of advocacy ethics in Poland. After becoming a lawyer, he was in appellate courts. Some of the speakers and writings published, among others. Answer in Nikorowicz and Nikorowicz's answer to AP Poplawska's reclaim. Thanks to the patronage he obtained, he was able to speak in cases before all instances, including the Supreme Court, the Senate, and the State Council. Torosiewicz is the author of one of the first Polish books about the lawyer - the idea of ​​the appointment of legal defenders (1822). He stressed the importance of the advocacy profession, emphasized the beauty of the speech, but also expected the advocates to defend the truth. He wrote, "Beauty always has to give way to truth.... Defender (...) ought to defend the court, against the audience, without the slightest images, to present the truth. support, the principles of righteousness and the right to be able

Künstler's grave on the military Powazki. Mieczysław Jerzy Künstler (born March 26, 1933 in Słupca, December 27, 2007 in Warsaw) - Polish linguist, sinologist, expert in Chinese languages ​​and culture. Curriculum vitae Since 1972 he was a member of the Committee of Oriental Studies at the Polish Academy of Sciences (1993-2006). In 1978 he became a professor at the University of Warsaw. Since 1983 he has been a member of the Warsaw Scientific Association. He was also a member of editorial boards of "Rokocz Orientalistyczny" and the series "Oriental Studies". He was the author of numerous papers devoted to the languages, history, civilization and culture of China. He also translated some of the classical Chinese literature (most importantly, with the Confucian Dialogues), as well as several Soviet and Western sinologists. Creation wiki

Dadocrinus - the extinct type of trilobi (Crinoidea) from the Triassic period. The most common type of marine limestone found in marine art is the so-called. The Germanic basin, which is in the territory of Poland and non-Alpine Germany. It is one of the most abundant macroscale, forming the so-called. crystalline limestone. In addition, in small quantities also found in the Tatras, the Alps, Bulgaria. Also described in New Zealand, however, the taxonomic status of this finding is questionable. In Poland, Krynoid shoals built mainly from Dadocrinus are particularly popular in Upper Silesia and in the Świętokrzyskie Mountains. Quite numerous in the Polish Tatra Mountains, eg in the peak parts of Giewont. Dadocrinus usually behaves in completely disconnected skeletons, but skeletons of particularly great scientific and collectible value, such as Gogolin, are known. Fossils of different species of Dadocrinus are important in dating rocks and are important fossils for the lower lich

Bronisław Laus (Bronislovas Liausas, born January 1, 1872 in Subocz or Popielany near Rakiszek, November 1, 1941 in Kaunas) - Polish Roman Catholic priest, activist of the Polish minority in pre-war Lithuania, 1920-1923 to the Sejm of the Republic of Lithuania. Curriculum vitae He attended a German grammar school in Mitra, after graduating in 1888 he began studying at the Kaunas seminary, which he continued after 1892 at the St. Petersburg Academy of theology. In 1895, he was ordained priest. A year later he returned to Lithuania and took up the post of teacher at the Kaunas seminar held until 1920. In independent Lithuania he became the editor of the Polish-language "The Thatched Family" (after 1923 renamed the "Family Chat"), and after 1925 he was head of the editorial team of the "Christmas Bell". engaged in parliamentary activities. In 1920 he was elected to the Lithuanian Legislative Sejm of Kaunas. At the Lithuanian legislative session on J

Tomasz Karol Bartkiewcz (born September 4, 1865 in Miejska Górka, died March 25, 1931 in Gdynia) is a Polish composer and organist, co-founder of the Wielkopolska Singing Association. He obtained his initial musical education at his family home, then studied with J. Figaszewski and Bolesław Dembiński in Poznań (conducting, organ playing). In 1884 he became an organist and conductor of the church choir in Koscielec near Inowrocław. In Pakość he founded a lay and church choir. In the years 1890-1897 he was the conductor of the "Lutnia" Singing Society founded in Kościan; He collaborated with local pastor Józef Surzyński, also a composer and conductor of choirs. In 1905 Bartkiewicz moved to Ostrów Wielkopolski, where he taught music at the grammar school and his own music school. He also performed there as an organist, conductor of choirs and orchestras. He brought to Wielkopolska the amateur force of many valuable vocal and instrumental works. Noskowskiego (Chata za wsią)

Orach Chaim Synagogue in Knyszyn - a non-existent synagogue located in Knyszyn at the market square of the Grodno Street. The synagogue was built between 1898 and 1900. In the years 1934-1935 it was rebuilt. During the Second World War, after the Soviet troops entered Knyszyn, the synagogue was partially devastated and destined for the fodder warehouse. At that time, it was completely rebuilt, all the architectural details were removed and the roof was demolished. In 1982-1986 it was finally demolished. The brick synagogue building was erected on a neoclassical-style rectangle. Inside, in the eastern part, there was a main prayer room, which was accessed through the vestibule, above which was a woman's gallery. The whole was covered with a gable roof, on the tops and in the corners of which were the stars of David. On the front of the eastern wall were the plates of the Decalogue. The main prayer hall illuminated the ten tall, semi-circular windows piled up with pilasters.

Story The third novel in which the character of a private detective from Los Angeles Philip Marlowe. The plot of the novel takes place in Los Angeles and in Pasadena. Detective Marlowe is hired by Ms. Elizabeth Bright Murdock, to find her stolen, rare and expensive coin - Dublonie Brasher. Mrs Murdock accuses her of stealing her daughter-in-law, Linda. The detective has a simple task - to find a coin, to divorce his son and not to interfere with all the police, because Mrs. Murdock does not wish to take her private affairs public. Apparently, the easy task is complicated when Marlowe finds the first corpse - claiming to be a private detective, George Phillips. adaptations wiki

Quantum Fourier Transform (QFT) - Quantum analogy of discrete Fourier transform. For any n-cubic base state | j & # x27E9; {\displaystyle |j\rangle } It works like this: | j & # x27E9; & # x21A6; 1 N ∑ k = 0 N & # x2212; 1 e 2 π i & # xA0; j k / N | k & # x27E9; , {\displaystyle |j\rangle \mapsto {\frac {1}{\sqrt {N}}}\sum _{k=0}^{N-1}e^{2\pi i\ jk/N}|k\rangle ,} where N = 2 n {\displaystyle N=2^{n}} . It is worth noting that size ω = e 2 π i / N {\displaystyle \omega =e^{2\pi i/N}} is a "compound of the Nth order" of the number 1 (see de Moivre's formula). This observation helps to visualize how a QFT works by depicting it in the coordinate system of a complex space. wiki

Frymark (German freimarkt) - in the former Polish exchange of noble goods for royal goods, made by the ruler. She had the distinction of an exchangeable, since the royal treasure was often exchanged for ten times less worth, which was sometimes a hidden form of reward for royal supporters. This, however, led to a significant depletion of the royal family in the mid 16th century. Frustration was one of the main demands of the execution movement. No less a case of unfavorable frymasters occurred in the 18th century. Common language has come into the form of friction, which means irresponsible handling the property entrusted to you. wiki

Surrealism in his surviving works (Du Surréalisme en ses œuvres vivese) - a publication by André Breton, chief theorist of surrealism in 1953. Considered by the author for closing the previous manifestations. It is a free literary statement that summarizes surrealist accomplishments and an analysis of some of the theoretical assumptions made by the representatives of this artistic direction. Breton refers to surrealism in literature, finding in this respect his similarities and connections with other avant-garde trends (Futurism, Dadaism), as well as the work of individual artists such as Comte de Lautréamont, James Joyce, Henri Michaux , Lewis Carroll. Automatic recording and "internal monologue" is considered an attempt to overthrow the tyranny of a completely defective language. The author presents surrealists' reflections on the function of poetry, as well as the first attempts to revive her language. He argues that both the artistic and literary works of the surrea

Floribert N'Galula Mbuyi (born 7 March 1987 in Brussels, Belgium) is a Belgian footballer. Currently he is a D.C. player. United. He is a nominal defensive midfielder, but can also play as a midfielder or side defender. He is considered an expert in peeling. He can also hit accurately with almost any position. N'Galula was one of United's key reserve players in the 2004/05 season, but his hip injury prevented him from playing again. He returned to the field only at the beginning of the 2006/2007 season. In 2007, the contract was not renewed and the player transferred to Danish Randers FC on a free transfer basis. But half a year later he left Denmark. In the summer of 2008 he was tested in the Dutch Sparta Rotterdam and after successfully passing the test he signed a one year contract with this club. In 2010, he was a DC United player, but he did not play any matches. In 2011 he played first in Finnish TPS Turku and then moved to OH Leuven from Belgium. In Nove

International Federation "Una Voce" (International Federation "Una Voce") - international Catholic organization grouping associations from different countries of the world The origins of the organization dates back to 1964, when the first concerns about the almost complete exodus of Latin and liturgical experiments in the Mass appeared. At the beginning of 1965, representatives from six European countries met in Rome. Eventually, the organization was founded on January 8, 1967, at the Zurich Convention. Eric de Saventh was the leader. The other chairpersons have been since 1992 - Michael Davies, since 2004 - Ralf Siebenbürger, since 2005 - Fredrik Crichton-Stuart, since 2006 - Jack Oostveen, and since 2007 - Leo Darroch. Since 1970, a request has been sent by the organization to preserve Mass. Pius V as "one of the rites recognized in the liturgical life of the universal Church." At the same time, they were asked to stop persecuting and discriminating ag

Day of the Tentacle (also known as Maniac Mansion II: Day of the Tentacle) - computer-based point-and-click adventure game published in 1993 by LucasArts. The game was released simultaneously on floppy disks and CD-ROMs. The CD-ROM version is equipped with dubbing and a full audio track. Day of the Tentacle is referred to as the sequel to Maniac Mansion. The editorial board of the PC Gamer magazine in the United States in 2015 awarded 46th place on the list of best PC games. wiki

Clericalism (Latin clericalis: clergy) - striving to achieve the institutional influence of the clergy on social, political and cultural life, until it is subordinated to the clergy and the Church. The highest degree of clericalisation is theocracy. Clericism produces resistance in the form of anti-clericalism, often among Catholics themselves, so-called. internal anticlericalism. The term appeared in France in 1848 during the Spring of Nations criticism of the Catholic Church, which was then on the side of monarchists opposed to the revolution. Bibliography wiki

Louis Lavelle (born 15 July 1883, died September 1, 1951) is a French philosopher. Jego główne dzieło to The Dialectic of the Eternal Present, a metaphysical work in four volumes: From Being (1928), ponadto napisał: From the Act (1937), From Time and Eternity (1945) The Human Soul (1951), The Self-Consciousness (1933), The Total Presence (1934), The Error of Narcissus (1939), Evil and Suffering (1940), The Word and Scripture (1947), The powers of the ego (1948). Authoritative control (person): wiki

Zbigniew Włodzimierz Anusik (born 23 February 1957 in Łódź) is a Polish historian, prof. dr hab., former dean of the Faculty of Philosophy and History of the University of Lodz. He conducts classes in modern and Polish modern history. His doctoral dissertation: The Polish mission in Stockholm in the years 1789-1795 defended January 18, 1990. The promoter was prof. dr hab. Zofia Libiszowska. Habilitation thesis: Swedish diplomacy against the monarchy crisis in France in 1787-1792, defended February 15, 2001. Reviewed by: professors: Jerzy Grobis, Jacek Staszewski and Władysław Zajewski. On 24 April 2008 prof. Zbigniew Anusik was elected Dean of the Faculty of Philosophy and History of the University of Lodz. His competitor was prof. Kazimierz Badziak. On April 26, 2012, elected for the second term. In the years 1998-2002 he acted as the attorney of the director of the Institute of History for Didactics. In the years 2002-2008 he was Vice-Dean of the Faculty of Philosophy and Histor

Bike with Gnom engine Gnom - a catalytic internal combustion engine manufactured in Wroclaw Psie Pole Metal Works in the 1950s. It was a two-stroke engine, air-cooled. The drive was transmitted to the front wheel of the bicycle using a roller wheel that is pressed against the tire. The roller was directly attached to the crankshaft. It was produced in two versions - 0.4 hp and 0.6 hp, differing in the carburetor throat diameter and fuel nozzle diameter, and the compression ratio. There is also a version of the engine that can be fitted to both the bike and, after attaching the screw, over the canoe or boat. This version has a modified magnet cover with hooks for the attached screw and firing pins for the cable. Technical data Cylinder diameter - 38 mm 40 mm piston stroke Capacity - 45 cm compression ratio - 4.5 (6.0 in R-01B version) Fuel tank capacity - 1 l weight - 9 kg (not flooded) Fuel consumption is 1.4 l / 100km at 20 km / h Maximum speed 27 km / h version R0

Intracranial hypertension, intracranial hypertension, increased / elevated / intracranial / intracranial pressure - a condition in which the cerebrospinal fluid pressure circulating in the cerebral ventricular system is higher than normal. The correct pressure of this fluid is from 50 to 200 mm H20 (from 0.5 to 2.0 kPa). Etiology States with intracranial hypertension include: meningitis traumatic brain swelling hydrocephalus Patogeneza Intracranial hypertension occurs as a result of the development of additional pathological intracranial mass (tumor, inflammatory or otherwise), increased volume of intracellular or intracellular fluid (ie, cerebral edema), significant increase in blood volume in the brain (this is called swelling the brain is caused by the pathological expansion of the cerebral vessels) as well as the increase in the volume of the cerebrospinal fluid, or hydrocephalus. Spontaneous brain edema may occur in the course of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (former

Bruttium - a historical land in ancient Italy located in the southern part of the Apennine Peninsula, extending along the Messina Strait. Inhabited by the Brutts, who organized themselves into a confederation of cities with the capital of Cosentia. In the 4th century BC. Brutom was able to defend against Alexander of Epirus and Agatokles of Syracuse. On the coasts the land was heavily colonized by the Greeks and together with Lukania, Calabria and Apulia was an antiquity part of the so- Great Greece. wiki

Bambus oldhamii Bamboo Massage - A relaxing massage performed using bamboo sticks that are rolled over the body. Chopsticks have different thicknesses and lengths as they are adapted to individual techniques and body size. They need to be properly prepared for the massage: first thoroughly washed, then disinfected, and finally heated and maintained at elevated temperature to keep warm throughout the massage. Description of the massage The main tool for the specific character of this massage is the bamboo sticks. Manual techniques begin and end the massage, and they function as fasteners between successive movements made with sticks (mainly when changing their thickness). To fully appreciate the benefits of massage, it is essential to ensure the optimum temperature of the room where the massage is performed, as the masseur works on large, exposed parts of the body. Extremely helpful is also the relaxing music and aromatherapy. At first, the masseur uses larger diameter sticks to p

Krzysztof Zygmunt Adamek (born 2 May 1945 in Pabianice) is a Polish jazz drummer. A graduate of the Warsaw School of Music in the drum class. He made his debut in 1965 in the Hagaw band. He played there until 1972. In addition, he has collaborated with traditional jazz bands Old Timers (1966-1968) and (1966-1969). He has participated in many prestigious jazz music festivals, including Jazz Jamboree in Warsaw, also in Western Europe. Since 1980 he has been a drummer for the Gold Washboard band. Bibliography wiki

Coal from the mine is transported by means of conveyor belts directly to the coal and transported by rail to the recipient, eg to the power plant Carburizing - the process of supplying coal or other solid fuel to industrial furnaces or steam generators. Carburizing system includes a set of equipment and auxiliary installations used for: receiving coal from external means of transport, mechanization of coal storage sites, pre-coal preparation (sorting, crushing, mixing, averaging) and transport to cisterns. Generally, carburizing units are: Choosing the carburizing system and the devices that make up this system is influenced by many factors such as the power of the plant and the nature of its load, the location of the power plant in relation to the mine and the inhabited area, the type of fuel, construction and operating costs, operator safety and reliability actions. This causes the individual carburizing systems to vary considerably. Literature Damyzy Laudyn, Maciej Pawlik, Fra

Josef Hauser (born July 22, 1912, died October 3, 1947) - captain in the concentration camp Flossenbürg and war criminal. The criminal prisoner in the Flossenbürg camp from April 1942 to April 1945. He served as a capo at the Messerschmitt factory, where prisoners of the camp worked. He constantly abused his prisoners. In the first trial of the Flossenbürg Hauser's crew, he was sentenced to death by the American Military Tribunal in Dachau. Suspended in the Landsberg Prison on October 3, 1947. Bibliography wiki

Shmuel Oswald Rufeisen Daniel Rufeisen OCD, also Shmuel Oswald Rufeisen (born 1922 in Cracow, died in 1998 in Haifa) - Polish Catholic priest of Jewish origin, Carmelite, convert, missionary, translator. During World War II, to avoid German detention for about a year he hid in a female convent. At that time, he decided to accept Catholicism. He helped to save hundreds of Jews in Mir in Belarus. At the end of the war he returned to Poland, where he entered the Carmelite Order and was preparing for the priesthood. In the 1950s, after emigrating to Israel, he asked for Israeli citizenship. He argued his request for origin and cultural identity, which he always acknowledged. Some parts of Judaism recognized him as a Jew. The authorities refused to grant him citizenship because of his confession. After appealing to the Supreme Court, Rufeisen was completely unsuccessful. He then applied for Israeli citizenship as non-Jewish. Six years later, he was granted citizenship. For the rest o

Military Criminal Court - military court of the Kościuszko insurrection established on August 23, 1794 by the Supreme Commander of the National Armed Forces General Tadeusz Kosciuszko. The sluggishness of dealing with cases of treason of the people of the Confederation of the Targowic Confederacy by the Criminal Court of the Mazovian Duchy, and the submission of court members to the influence of conservative circles led to an uncontrolled outburst of the Warsaw population, who overturned the suspects. Kosciuszko, wishing to pacify the mood, became a Polish robber and suspended formally the Criminal Court of the Duchy of Mazovia, introducing in his place the Military Criminal Court. This move has terrorized the immediate surroundings of King Stanisław August Poniatowski, who saw in this court the equivalent of the Revolutionary Tribunal in France. competence He took over all the competences of the Criminal Court of the Duchy of Mazovia. He stated, however, according to military a

Katharine Dexter McCormick (August 27, 1875 - December 28, 1967) is an American biologist and suffragan. She sponsored research on a contraceptive pill. In 1904, as a second woman, she graduated from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. She was involved in the Suffragette movement. She also worked with Margaret Sanger on birth control. It also funded a significant portion of Gregory Pincus and John Roc's research and clinical trials leading to the creation of a contraceptive pill. Authoritative control (person): wiki

Tomb of Halina Centkiewicz-Michalska Halina Centkiewicz-Michalska (born March 10, 1912 in Warsaw, September 1, 2007) is a Polish painter and lecturer at the Faculty of Graphic Arts at the Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw, who was also a pre-war graduate (she studied with Zofia Matuszczyk-Cygańska), member of the Association of Polish Painters and Graphic Artists (ZPAMiG). She presented her works, among others, at the first exhibition of ZPAMiG in March 1986, organized in Warsaw Zachęta. In 1964 he had an individual exhibition in Kordegarda, in 1969 at the Artistic Exhibitions Bureau in Olsztyn. He was buried on September 6, 2007 at the Military-Powązki Cemetery in Warsaw. Honors Bibliography wiki

The spontaneous process in thermodynamics, also called natural time, is a process that can be accomplished without having to work on the layout. Spontaneous processes are always accompanied by increased entropy. The processes in which entropy is reduced are never spontaneous. The result of the spontaneous process is always the execution of the system by a certain work. Non-hospital procedures can not work - on the contrary - they need to do some work on them. The fact that the process is spontaneous does not mean that it always has to happen. Most spontaneous processes must first overcome, resulting from their kinetic course, the barrier of the energy potential. These processes therefore require an energy pulse, but this pulse is always less than the energy triggered by the process, resulting in a positive work balance. One can say that the spontaneity of a process is a thermodynamic expression of its tendency to occur, rather than the absolute necessity of its occurrence. wiki

Pierre François Olive Rayer Pierre Rayer (born 8 March 1793 in Saint-Sylvain, died 10 September 1867 in Paris) is a French dermatologist. He is primarily remembered for his work in pathological anatomy and physiology. In 1837 he discovered that glanders, the deadly disease of horses, could be transmitted to humans. In 1841 he published a three-volume work devoted to kidney disease. In 1850 he first described anthrax; In Rayer's work, he presented the results of a study on Bacillus anthracis which he and Casimir Davain shared. Authoritative control (person): wiki

Falendish - former name for high quality fabric. Originally it meant woolen fabric imported from England through Dutch or German merchants using the term vijn londisz, derived from the adjective vijn (first class, excellent) and from the Dutch name London - Londen. In older records there is also a German version - fein lündisch, which could have been the North German variant of Lunden. In Dutch and German, vijn or fein also means good quality (German Feinware). In the past it was also used to refer to fein holländisch for a good cloth from the Netherlands. The names were probably used in the 18th century. wiki

Kaymaklı or Enegup is an underground city separate from the Citadel in Kaymaklı, located about 19 km from Nevşehir between it and Niğde in Turkey. Homes in Kaymaklı are built around a hundred underground tunnels, still in use today as storages, stables and cellars. From the four floors open to visitors are all organized around the ventilation shafts. This demonstrates that the appearance of any room or space is dependent on access to fresh air. Kaymaklı is different from other underground city of Derinkuyu, in layout and way of building. Tunnels are lower, more winding and steep. The first opening for tourists took place in 1964. Bibliography wiki

Herb Pruszkow Former Pruszkow coat of arms Herb Pruszkow - depicts in a golden field a brick wall, red with three painted towers of the same color, in the gate a head of a jar, gray in the straight. Symbols Contribution to the development of Pruszków as an urban center, by hr. Antoni Potulicki, was honored by the placement on the city coat of arms of the coat of arms of Grzymała, which he sealed. The head of the jar is a talking emblem, referring to Żbikowo, which is the oldest part of Pruszków. The author of the coat of arms is Fr. Paweł Dudziński. Previous coat of arms referred to the industrial tradition of the city. Internet sources wiki

Commercial custom - the traditional way of contract parties to enter into and execute commercial contracts. We are dealing with a commercial item when the custom is registered and announced by a particular international organization. Habits and supplements may not be in conflict with generally applicable law. They must be clearly defined and well known. They will always be relatively obligatory and only a supplement to the applicable legal norms. The division of customs and trade supplements Frequently, we seek to establish uniform, universally applicable interpretations around the world, and to codify customs and trade supplements. The most important are: Bibliography wiki

Principle - physical fitness found experimentally and, according to the opinion of scientists and paradigm in physics, universal and general. Rules are experimental, such as the principle of conservation of energy or the principle of entropy growth, and are not derived from any kind of strict description, although they may be based on specific fields of physics such as thermodynamics, classical mechanics or quantum mechanics. This is precisely the principle of physics that differs from the law of physics, which can be derived from the model of the phenomenon in a strict way. The law usually deals with a strictly defined group of physical phenomena, such as Wiena's law, Lenz's law, Ohm's law. wiki

The modeling scale specifies the reduction ratio of the model to the original object, usually written as a fraction. It was also called a graduation. 2: 1, 1: 8, 1:24 (G), 1:48 (O), 1:64 (S), 1: 87 (HO), Brio, 1: 160 (N) Comparison of railway models in scales: I, H0, Z The most popular scales in the reduction model: land models ship modeling From the above scales, the vast majority of sets of gluing models are produced in 1/72 and 1/48 scale (air), 1/72, 1/48 and 1/35 (combat equipment), 1/25 and 1 / 24 (cars) and 1/87 (rail). Among the models of ships, there are the largest variety of scales, but the most popular are 1/350, 1/400 and 1/700. In addition to the most popular scales, models are also available for gluing and printing cardboard models in different scales. In modeling the figure is more common is the size of: 28mm, 54mm, 75mm, 90mm, 120mm, 150mm, 200mm. In the case of models built from the ground up, scale selection is limited only by the inventor's invention, or by

Giorgio Clarotti (born 13 December 1903, died March 7, 1961 in Rome) is an Italian economist, historian of law and polonophil. He studied the history of Polish culture at the Roman university. He visited Poland in 1925; At that time he wrote his doctoral dissertation: "I primori della letteratura politica in Polonia, the first part of which was printed in 1926 in the letter" La vita italiana ". He published his works in "Rivista di Cultura"; he wrote about Juliusz Słowacki and Adam Mickiewicz. In 1931, in his writings "Rivista di Letterature Slave" appeared his sketch of a contemporary Polish theater in which the author dealt with many false judgments. wiki

The Changing Land - a fantasy novel by American writer Roger Zelazny, originally published in 1981 by Del Rey (ISBN 0-345-25389-2). In Poland, the book was published by REBIS Publishing House in 1992, translated by Małgorzata Pacyny (ISBN 83-85202-57-9). The cover illustration was designed by Doug Beekman. Description of the plot Hero, half-elf and half-man, is looking for the evil magician Jelerak to get revenge for turning him into stone for eternity and sending him to hell. He travels on a steel demon demon called Black, from which he returns. Dilvish sets out for another Jelerak residence - the Eternal Castle. The novel also follows in the form of a collection of short stories published a year later under the title Dilvish Curses, whose plot precedes the events of the "Land of Change." wiki

Betach cells or giant pyramidal cells - a type of pyramidal neurons located in the V layer of the gray primary motile cortex (M1). They were described in 1874 by the Ukrainian anatomy and histology of Vladimir Betz. They are one of the largest central nervous system cells, their pericarbors are even 100 μm in diameter. Betza cells send axons into the spinal cord, where they form synapses with the frontal horn cells, thus forming the first pyramidal neuron pathway (the name of the pyramidal cells, however, took the shape of the pyramids before the exact path of the pyramids was known). Betza cells have one apricot dendrite, like other pyramidal cells, and there are numerous asymmetric dendrites branched in different cells, most of which occur in the V and VI layers of bark, and deeper into the white matter of the brain. According to one study, Betza cells accounted for up to 10% of the population of all pyramidal cells of the Vb layer of the original cortex. wiki

Jerzy Räuber (born 1410, died c. 1458), Elbląg rallyer, activist of the Prussian Union. He came from a family of merchants, acting as mayors and mayors in Elblag from the beginning of the 14th century; His father was probably Werner Räuber, from 1411, and in 1426-1439 the mayor of Elblag Old Town. Jerzy Räuber was rallying around 1445, in 1448 to become more involved in the activities of the Prussian Union, fighting for political and economic influence in the Teutonic State. He participated in congresses of the Duchy of Prussia and the meetings of Prussian towns. Independently in 1449 he was a member of the Grand Master Teatr Konrad von Erlichshausen's message sent to Lübeck and Bruges for the negotiation of Hanseatic and English merchants. He also participated in similar missions in subsequent years. In 1450, the new great master of the Teutonic Order Ludwik von Erlichshausen took active part in the dissolution of the Prussian Union, finding an ally in the person of Emperor F

Adult - in transactional analysis is one of the states I, the child and the parent. It is characterized by logical thinking, a constructive approach - such as a progressive person "grows". The action that initiates this state Me is oriented to the present and the objectivity. The person "coming out" from such an attitude in contact with another person answers the question: how to solve it? What is important in a given situation? Is the activity necessary and what form should it take? The way of functioning of an adult is based on analyzing reality and estimating probabilities, so a common but not quite true comparison is to refer to a computer that is cool to analyze facts and to draw logical conclusions. This condition is especially useful for professional and difficult interpersonal relationships with other adults. In psychoanalysis, the equivalent of the Adult is the ego. wiki

Paweł Pracownik (born August 27, 1973 in Lublin) - World Champion and three-time European Champion in squatting, eleventh Polish Champion in squatting and power trimming, ten gold medalist of Polish Cup in squatting. In 1995-1996 he worked as an instructor in one of the Lublin gyms, then attended a medical school. In early 1998, together with Pawel Naduk, they established a power division in Ryki, which was awarded the title of Team Champions of Poland in extrusion and in the Junior and Senior Citizens' Championship, among women and men. In 2001 he won the Polish Championship, the Polish Cup, the European Championships and finally the World Championships, and on the way beat Poland and Europe several times. In Lublin he was the precursor of the power tricycles. In 2000, at the request of the then PZKiTS authorities, he founded the Lubelskie Regional Association of Bodybuilding, Tri-Force and Fitness, together with a group of activists from the Lublin Region. He was also a co-

Heinrich Vogt (born April 23, 1875 in Regensburg, died 1936 in Bad Pyrmont) is a German neurologist and balneologist. He practiced neurology in 1901, and in 1907 became professor of psychiatry at the University of Göttingen. In 1909 he moved to the University of Frankfurt and became director of the psychiatric department of the Senckenberg Institute. In 1911 he became director of the neurological sanatorium in Wiesbaden. In 1916 he published a two-volume manual Handbuch der Therapie der Nervenkrankheiten. In 1925, to the surprise of his associates, he moved to the bathing resort of Bad Pyrmont, where he devoted himself to hydrotherapeutic practice. Later, he founded a research company in balneology and published a journal devoted to this research. Before the war he returned to Bad Pyrmont where he died in 1936. Selected works Bibliography Authoritative control (person): wiki

Eugene Morrison Stoner (born November 22, 1922 in Gosport, Indiana, April 24, 1997 in Palm City, Florida) is an American weapons designer. In Armalite, as the main constructor, M16, AR-10 and AR-15 assault rifles, which were the inspiration for the AR-18. He was later employed as a consultant at Colt Patent Firearm Corp. As part of the US SALW program in the early 1960s, he developed a set of unified small arms based on 16 standard units and mechanisms called the Stoner System. He was also the creator of the Stoner 63 automatic rifle. In addition to Mikhail Timofiejewicz Kalashnikov, one of the world's most famous gun makers. projects others: Bibliography wiki

Bozdar - old Polish male name composed of God's members - ("God" but originally "fate, happiness, happiness") and -dar ("gift, gift, sacrifice"). Perhaps it meant "who is the gift of fate". This name (along with Bogodar) is considered to be equivalent to the meaning of the name Adeodat, and therefore Goddard celebrates the name day in the memory of Saint. Adeodatów. Boznar, Bożdar's name day celebrates: In addition to the different calendars, the following named dates may be found, which are set free: September 21, November 2. Famous people bearing the name of Goddar: wiki

Carol Locatell (born December 13, 1940) is an American actress. She made her feature film debut on Polly Wants and Cracked Head in the 1960s, starring The Flying Nun (1967). Carol's next major role was in Bonanza. The actress appeared in three different roles in three episodes of the tapeworm. In the later seventies and eighties she was a television star. She appeared in many smaller or bigger roles on the glass screen, among others. In the series M * A * S * H ​​or Dynasty. The 1990s were Lacatell's band of guest appearances on the most popular television shows. She played, among others. Mrs. Penn in the Seventh Heaven and Judge Henrietta Fulle in Ally McBeal. In 2005 she appeared as Elsie Korfelt in The Pattern. wiki

Optoelectronics - a field of technology that uses specific characteristics of light to capture, store, transmit, process, and present information. Optoelectronics also deals with the construction and use of equipment and apparatus for emission and light detection. Applications include various fields of technology as well as medicine. Light is characterized by very high frequencies (several hundred THz) and visible wavelengths (VIS) range from 380 nm to 780 nm. This feature contributes to the transfer rate (bandwidth). Optoelectronics tasks (and examples): It is worth noting that optoelectronics focuses on the following areas of science: chemistry, solid state physics, and electronics. Optoelectronics also involves the use of electromagnetic radiation in biomedicine. This field is occupied by biomedical optics, which is a biomedical engineering department. wiki

Schilling Test - A test to evaluate the absorption of vitamin B12 from the gastrointestinal tract based on urinary excretion. It is an indirect method of determining the presence of internal factor (IF) in gastric juice. The test consists of labeling What Vitamin B12 and determining the radioactivity of urine as a measure of excretion of the compound. The test is carried out in several phases. In the first phase, the patient must be fasted; after passing urine, p.o. (orally) vitamin B12 labeled Co at 1 μg, and after 2 hours i.m. (intramuscular) dose of 1000 μg vitamin alone. Radioactivity measurement is performed in the urine collected 24 hours after vitamin B12 administration. The standard is 10% of the oral dose of vitamin A in the urine, a value of 7% indicates a decrease in its absorption. In the second phase of the test, vitamin B12 is administered together with an internal factor (IF) to exclude malignant anemia. The name of the study came from his inventor, Robert F. Schillin

Ludwig Rehn (born 1 July 1910 in Saarbrücken, DE) - SS-Obersturmführer, high ranking SS officer in concentration camps Sachsenhausen and Neuengamme. Member of SS since 1935 (ID number 269927) and NSDAP since 1936. Since 1940 he served in Sachsenhausen, from where he was transferred in 1942 to Neuengamme. In August 1943 he returned to Sachsenhausen, where he remained until April 1945. In both camps he served as the Arbeitseinsatzfuhrer, the head of the forced labor department of the prisoners. In Sachsenhausen Rehn participated in the mass extermination of Soviet prisoners of war and prisoners of other nationalities. He also made selections that sent unfit prisoners to other camps for gassing (including Auschwitz-Birkenau). He also imposed cruel punishment on prisoners working in the so-called. "Schuhlaeuferkommando". In the trial of Sachsenhausen, Rehn was convicted on 1 November 1947 by the Soviet Military Tribunal in Berlin for his crimes against life-and-death. The So

La Glorieuse Rentrée is a retreat and armed occupation of the native valleys of the western Alps in 1689 by the Valdens, forced into Switzerland. History Waldensi as the only non-Catholic religious group survived persecution from the 12th to 17th centuries in the inaccessible alpine valleys on the border between France and Savoy. In 1686, the prince of Savoy Viktor Amadeus II decided to "finally solve" the Walden problem by forcibly evacuating them to Switzerland. First, they set up their families in special camps (which can be considered as prototypes of concentration camps). Settlements began in January 1687. The Waldensi, (2700 people, grouped in 13 columns), had to walk in the middle of winter on high alpine peaks; Many of them died on the way. In Switzerland, they were settled in the present canton of Vaud, which was named after the French word "waldens" = "Vaudois". They did not assimilate with the local population and dreamed of returning. Th

Taxidermy - the movement of all small, simple organisms (eg bacteria, nematodes, algae, protozoa) or cells (eg, sperm) that respond to a directional stimulus. Movement towards the stimulus is a positive taxane, in the opposite direction - a negative taxane. It is used to search for optimal environmental conditions, such as food sources, sexual partners, risk avoidance and others. Tactical movements are similar to tropisms, but they affect only organs, not whole organisms, and kinesis, which are irregular movements, modulated by stimulation, giving the illusion of directional movement. The following taxes are distinguished: Bibliography wiki

Sven-Erik Olsson (born July 7, 1923 in Parnu, Estonia, March 7, 1985 in Arosa, Switzerland) - Swedish volunteer Waffen-SS during World War II. His family was Swedish-Estonian. He attended a German school in Pärnu where he was a member of the Baltendeutschen Jugendorganisation. At the end of the 1930s he left for Germany. On November 8, 1939 he joined the SS. After training in the 16./(MG) SS-Totenkopf-Rekreuten-Standarte was assigned on 1 May 1940 to 9./SS-Totenkopf-Standarte 14. In May 1941 he was sent to the Netherlands to protect the coast. On June 1 this year he was promoted to SS-Unterführeranwäreter. It was then transferred to the Kommandostab Reichsführer SS. Served in various units of the Waffen-SS, receiving the SS-Unterscharführer on September 1, 1942. From February 1943 he served in the 2nd SS-Nachrichten-Abteilung 10 Company in the 10th SS Frundsberg. In May 1944 he was promoted to SS-Oberscharführer. Initially fought on the eastern front in Ukraine, and then with his uni

Cato Maximilian Guldberg (left) and Peter Waage Cato Maximilian Guldberg (born August 11, 1836 in Oslo, Norway) was a Norwegian chemist and mathematician. Guldberg studied at the Christian University and later became a professor of applied mathematics. Together with his brother-in-law, Peter Waage discovered and published in 1864 the laws of mass action determining the state of chemical equilibrium in relation to the concentrations or pressures of substrates and reaction products (both researchers also studied the equilibrium state of temperature). Their contribution was initially not noticed, probably because their work was published in Norwegian. Also after the publication in 1867 in French the importance of their dependence was not appreciated. The key importance of the law of mass action was noted and publicized by scientists at Oxford, W. Esson and V. Harcourt. The work of Guldberg and Waage over the law of the masses lasted until 1879. In 1870, Guldberg investigated how the r

Contemporary view of junior high school High school in Panevėžys (Panevėžio gimnazija, Panevėžio Juozo Balcikonio gimnazija) - a secondary school operating in Panevėž from the second half of the 18th century until the present. History The junior high school was founded on the initiative of the starost of Krzysztof Debski monastery of the Piarists. It was famous for the high level of teaching taught in Polish. In 1834 the school was transformed into an urban school. In 1858-1863, it functioned as a gymnasium, but as a result of the January Uprising it was closed by tsarist authorities. From the 1970s onwards, there was a teacher's seminar in the middle school walls. After the independence of Lithuania in 1918, the Gymnasium resumed its activities, this time in Lithuanian. Bibliography wiki

Baptist Christians Church in Poland - is divided into 9 districts, which together consist of 86 churches, as well as about 30 institutions and missionaries. The number of baptized adults is over 5200 full members. . Baptists do not include in the statistics of non-baptized children and adolescents). The constituency bodies are: A district conference to which each congregation sends at least 2 delegates. The Executive Council is the District Council consisting of 3 to 7 people elected by district conferences. At the head of the district is the chairman of the district council. Each district also has a representative in the Church Council. Data by circles wiki

Mirosław Hajnos (born in 1957 in Nowa Sól) - Polish graphic artist, painter, illustrator, creator of satirical drawings. He made his debut in 1978 on "Satyrykonie" in Legnica. In the press in the same year, in magazines: Carousel and Teachers Voice. He is the author of satirical drawings published in many magazines. He has collaborated and continues to work with the press - his works have been featured in magazines: Szpilki, Carousel, Your Good Humor, Review, Radar, Tribune, No, Hustler, Politics, Wprost and many others, including the Swiss Nebelspalter. The creator of the online service for drawers www.hajnos.pl He is a participant in numerous satirical drawing exhibitions in Poland and in the world and has won several prizes in national and international satirical and press contests and book publications. Winner of the award of the Association of Polish Caricature Artists "Eryk 2004." Juror of international art competitions in Istanbul (Turkey), Pisku and H

Logo National Cancer Institute National Cancer Institute (NCI) is a division of the US National Institutes of Health. NCI is a federally funded research and development organization (FFRDCs). The current NCI director is John E. Niederhuber. NCI coordinates the National Cancer Program; NCI is located in Bethesda and Fort Detrick, Maryland. NCI also finances research conducted throughout the United States. The NCI was created on August 5, 1937 by the National Cancer Institute Act. Authoritative control (research institute): wiki

Val Fenga (German: Finbachtal) is a meridian valley in the Rhône Alps separating the west of the Silvretta massif from the eastern Samnaun massif. The length of the valley is about 15 km. The valley ends in Ischgl, at an altitude of 1376 m, where it joins the main valley Patznauntal. Aua da Fenga (German: Fimbach) flows through the valley to the river Trisanna in Patznauntal valley. The state border crosses the valley. The upper, southern part of the valley, about 2/5 of its length, belongs to Switzerland, while the lower part of the valley belongs to Austria. In the lower part of the valley there are numerous ski lifts belonging to the large ski resort Silvretta Skiaren. In the upper part of the valley there is a Heidelberger Hütte (2254 m), accessible by a narrow road from the Austrian side. wiki

Dlubnia - a village in Malopolska, was established at the end of the 12th century (the first mention of it dates back to 1198), where the villages of Imbramowice, Malyysc and Ściborzyc were separated throughout the centuries. p> History The duck was then the property of the synagogues from Miechow. In the middle of the 12th century, as a consequence of the construction of the Norbertine convent, the village was divided into two parts: Imbramowice, which was conferred to the monastery, and in Ściborzyce, which became the property of the Cistercians from Szczyrzyc. One hundred years later, Ściborzyc was separated from Małyszyce, which was also given to the monastery, and the Ściborzyce fell into private hands. Bibliography wiki

Sylvia Sweeney (born 3 October 1956) is a Canadian journalist, television producer and former Olympic athlete. Sweeney was born and raised in Montreal. She attended McGill University where she became the star of basketball team McGill Martlets. Later she played for Concordia Stingers and Lauretian Lady Vees. Sweeney and the Concordia Stingers team reached the national finals in 1977, and Laurentian Lady Vees won the 1979 championship. Sweeney was also a Canadian basketball player in 1976 and 1984. She was also the Most Valuable Player (MVP) of the International Basketball Federation of the FIBA ​​World Cup in 1979. In the late 1980s, Sweeney joined television, became a journalist, and worked for the CTV Television Network. Sweeney is the daughter of music teacher Daisy Sweeney and the niece of jazz performer Oscar Peterson. One of her most famous television productions was In the Key of Oscar, released in 1992 and describing her uncle. wiki

Compensation in accounting is a method of eliminating mutual settlements between entities or eliminating accounting differences in an entity's books in the following forms: 1. According to the Civil Code, when two people are simultaneously debtors and creditors, it is possible to deduct one's own receivables from the other party's claims if the subject of both claims is: Can not be compensated: Compensation initiates a statement submitted to the other party. As a result of the offset, both receivables are remitted to the lower of the claims. Compensation usually applies to trade settlements, which may also be subject to public-law deductions. The compensation may be: 2. During stocktaking, when inventory deficits and surpluses: They can be compensated for by a smaller amount of identified differences (surplus or deficiency) and lower from the price of compensated assets. wiki

The heart of the monthly fetus opens from the right ventricle of the heart. In the center visible oval hole. Oval hole (lat. foramen ovale) is a hole in the heart during fetal life. It is located in the atrial septum (Latin septum interatriale). It allows blood flow from the right atrium to the left - according to the pressure gradient. It is fitted with a valve. Close After birth, the increased left ventricular pressure closes. Usually it overgrows during the first year of life, although even non-normal (with strict adherence to the valve) does not pose a health risk because it closes blood pressure at the left atrium. Danger occurs only when it has not been fully closed and, according to the new blood pressure difference, blood flows from the left atrium to the right, resulting in pulmonary congestion and less blood in the large circulation. Normally, however, only the oval-shaped ovalis (Latin latin ovalis) surrounded by seam (lat. Limbus fossae ovalis) is visible from the right

István Sötér (born June 1, 1913 in Segedyn, October 7, 1988 in Budapest) is a Hungarian writer, literary historian, promoter of Polish literature, Hungarian-Polish and Hungarian-French researcher. He studied at the University of Budapest in Hungarian and French Philology. Since 1952 he was a professor of the university, and since 1963 - rector. Since 1957 he also served as the director of the Institute of Literature, and in 1965 became a member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. In 1960-1970 he worked as the president of the Hungarian Pen Club; then he became deputy minister of education, and in 1971-1973 - president of the Association Internationale de la Litteérature Comparée. Publications wiki

Mycobacterium bovis - an aerobic, slowly growing bacterium belonging to the Mycobacterium family, which causes tuberculosis in cattle. Related to human tuberculosis tuberculosis; may in specific cases cause disease in humans, breaking the species barrier. M. Bovis is usually transmitted to humans through infected milk, although it can also be spread by air. At present, infections in humans are rather rare, mainly due to poor pasteurisation or drinking of unpasteurized milk. This is especially true in developing countries. See terms related to medical terms and related wikipedia. wiki

Teatrzyk Towarzyski - student theater team in Poznań, under the direction of Jacek Kowalski. "Teatrzyk Towarzyski", a band created mainly by students and graduates of the University of Poznań, derives from nativity scenes - with spectacle texts referring to current socio-political events - written and exhibited regularly since 1988 by Jacek Kowalski (known as Dominican nativity scenes and Jacek Kowalski's nativity scenes) in the pastoral ministry. Dominicans, with inspiration and under the patronage of Fr. Jan Góra. Jacek Kowalski is also the author of a series of historical comedies, such as Gogolewski's History (2001, 2005, 2008) and Imperial Chains (2006). In addition to Jack Smith, music ensemble is provided by Monogramist JK and Anita Murawka from Bittner (arrangement). The directors are Dorota Latour and Joanna Kiersztejn. The composition of the ensemble is variable and combines both early and late episodes. Bibliography wiki

Maria Izabella of Austria (illustration from the nineteenth century) Maria Izabella Austrian (born 21 May 1834, died 14 July 1901) is the Austrian princess and princess of Tuscany. Life Maria Izabella was the daughter of Archduke Leopold II of Tuscany and Marie Antoinette Bourbon, Princess of Sicily. On 10 April 1850 she married Francesco Bourbon-Sicilian, Count Trapani, son of Francis I of Burbona, King of Sicily, and his wife, Queen Maria Isabel, Infanta of Spain. Maria Izabella died on July 14, 1901, at the age of 67. Children Authoritative control (person): wiki

Paweł Jankiewicz (born December 11, 1951 in Lodz) is a Polish politician, lawyer and trade union activist, senator of the third term and member of Parliament for the third term of office. Curriculum vitae He graduated in 1990 from the Faculty of Law and Administration at the University of Lodz. Since 1981 he has worked at the MZK in Łódź. He worked in the City Trade Union Workers' Union (since 1991 as his guide). In the 1990s he was managing the OPZZ structures in the Lodz Region. From the list of the Democratic Left Alliance he held the function of the senator of the third term and of the third term of office. Until 2006 he was vice-president of the Lodz Special Economic Zone. He sat in the provincial authorities SLD. He also practiced as a solicitor in a private law firm in Łódź. Awarded with the Golden Cross of Merit (2002). Bibliography wiki

Documentary Crime, also docu-crime, is a literary or film genre about the story most often made up of real stories and slightly altered data. Docu-crime combines document (real-life, non-fiction) and crime (crime, crime). Crime is an element that points to the fictitiousness of the story. The docu crime scene is about the work of detectives and policemen who solve crimes. The "docu" (documentary) is a controversy because the series is different from the traditional document model. Therefore, such productions are also called pseudo-documentary or mockumentary, which means that they imitate the document but do not present the actual event and are directed. The first Polish television series of docu-crime is W11 - Investigative Department. In the docu-crime series, mostly people without acting education, amateur actors. Series of docu-crime genres in Poland The docu-crime genre in Germany wiki

Anastácio de Bragança (born August 20, 1761, September 11, 1788) is the oldest child of the queen-monarch Maria I and her husband King Peter III, brother of John. VI. Joseph was born in the palace of Ajuda, near Lisbon. After the birth of his grandfather king Joseph I Reformator gave him as the first male title of Prince Beira. His mother was then the princess of Brazil and the successor of the Portuguese throne. On February 21, 1777, as a 15-year-old boy, he married his 30-year-old aunt, Maria Franciszka Benedict. The couple had no children. Three days later Joseph's grandfather died, and Benedict's father, King Joseph I., became the queen of the throne, and he was the successor of the throne of Portugal and assumed the title of Prince of Brazil and 14th prince of Braganza. He died at the age of 27 for smallpox and was buried in St. Monastery. Vincent of Saragossa. He was decorated with the Portuguese Crosses of the Three Great Military Orders: Christ, St. Benedict of Av

Undecimber - a rarely used term for the thirteenth month of the year. Introduced for Java programming language to support other calendars than the Gregorian calendar. Because some calendars based on the lunar calendar may contain 13 months a year, you need to enter a symbol that specifies that month. The name Undecimber was created analogously to the English names of the last four months of the year: September, October, November, December, which in turn are Latin borrowings, respectively, where they mean respectively seventh, eighth, ninth and tenth - originally the calendar began in March, September was the seventh month, and December was the tenth. The Latin word undecim is eleven. wiki

Blomstrand type chondrodysplasia (BOCD) - a rare, fatal genetic disease caused by mutations with loss of function in the parathormone-1 receptor (PTHR1) gene at the 3p22-p21.1 locus. Mutations that increase the function of this protein are responsible for the clinical picture of the Jansen-type chondrodysplasia (OMIM 156400). Inheritance is autosomal recessive. Children with lethal chondrodysplasia are born dead or dying shortly after birth. The disease was first described in the Finnish newborn Blomstrand et al in 1985. See terms related to medical terms and related wikipedia. wiki

Kopidodon - a type of extinct mammal. He lived in the early epoch. Description He was like a squirrel. It was the largest populated wooded mammal of Eocene Europe, measuring 115 cm, most of which was a tail. They had terrifying canines, probably used for defense. Their molars were adapted to chew vegetable food, not meat. The claws and claws made it easy to climb the trees, as today's squirrels do. Just as they had a long tail that kept him in balance. The remains were found in the Messel mine, where fur traces were preserved. wiki

Leszek Zbigniew Burakowski (born June 28, 1950 in Chełm) is a Polish state and local government official, twice the voivode of Chełm. Curriculum vitae He completed his studies at the Technical University of Szczecin. He held managerial positions in various companies. In the years 1990-1994 he was the governor of Chełm. Then, for three years, he was the vice-chairman of the management board of the Municipal Energy Company in Chełm. After the founding of the government, Jerzy Buzek was again (on the recommendation of the Solidarity Electoral Action) governor. After the territorial reform he was appointed director general of the Lubelskie Voivodship Office. In the years 2002-2006 he was Deputy President of Chełm Krzysztof Grabczuk. He joined the Christian Self-Government Movement at that time, sat in his council, later associated with the Civic Platform. In 2007, he assumed the post of general manager of the Lublin Marshal's Office, then until 2010 he was the secretary of the v

A classic science fiction novel about alien invasion on Earth that captures the minds of the people. A brave group of American agents is fighting them. The book was seen as an allegory on possible USSR aggression in the US. Based on the novel, a movie with the same title was made. On several occasions, films were also inspired by the novel, such as The Brain Eaters in 1958, or one of the Star Trek episodes. wiki

Thérèse Delpech (born February 11, 1948 in Versailles, France, January 18, 2012) is a French political scientist, strategist, strategic director at the Commissariat à l'energie atomique et aux énergies alternatives and a member of the board. International Institute for Strategic Studies - a think tank from London for geostrategic research. He works in the "Center d'études et de recherches internationales". In 1995-1997 she was the advisor to Prime Minister Alain Juppé for military policy. Publications wiki

Mesopores - according to IUPAC, a solid body with a characteristic transverse dimension (diameter) in the range of 2 to 50 nm (sometimes referred to as 2-100 nm). Their distinguishing feature is the phenomenon of capillary condensation of gas molecules (par), which is often accompanied by capillary hysteresis. Pores smaller than mesopores are micropores, and larger ones are macropores. Mesoporeses are tested for mercury porosimetry, adsorption methods (BJH pore distributions) and X-ray. wiki

The Great Cemetery in Riga (Lielie kapi, Großer Friedhof in Riga) is the oldest Latvian cemetery in the suburbs of Riga, an architectural monument of historical character. History It was founded in 1773, when Empress Catherine II issued a memorandum for the transfer of cemeteries within the city to their suburbs. Up until 1944, there were mainly German residents of Riga. Albert von Buxhövden, founder of Riga, whose remains were moved from one of the Old Town churches, found here the last resting place. After the Second World War a large part of the cemetery was destroyed, after it was transformed into a city park, but survived relatively many gravestones, among others. Krišjānisa Baronsa (1777) and Krišjānisa Valdemārs. Famous rice buried in the cemetery wiki

Napoleon Liberys, litter. Napoleons Liberis (born September 2, 1903 in Riga, June 28, 1972 in the United Kingdom) is a Latvian activist in Latvia, a councilor of Riga, a soldier of the Anders Army. Curriculum vitae He graduated from the Polish Gymnasium in Riga, later studied at the Technical University of Riga, where in 1925 he founded the Polish Academic Association in Latvia. He was a delegate to the 2nd Congress of Poles from abroad, held from 6-9 August 1934. After the annexation of Latvia by the USSR in 1940, sent to a camp which he left in 1941, along with the Anders army to the West. He fought in the Second Corps in Italy. He died in emigration. Bibliography wiki

Ghat Desaswamedh in Varanasi at dawn Ghats (Devanagari: घाट Bengali: ঘাট, transliteration ghaţ, literally degrees) - a series of stone steps leading down to the river. Occurs in many places in Asia. Having gone through ghats, followers of Hinduism do in water, praying, ritually purifying themselves from negative karma (sins). In Varanasi and other banks of the river on stone ghats there is a Hindu funeral ceremony by burnt corpses and dumping of remnants into the river. The term also appears in the names of the mountains located on the outskirts of the Dekan plateau: Eastern Ghats and Western Ghats. wiki

Bank accounting (bank accounting) - a system of bank activity records, which aims to reflect the financial, economic and economic situation of the entity covered. Bank accounting, as part of accounting, fills all the universal accounting tasks and uses all accounting and accounting methods. The subject of banking accounting is the basic activity of the bank as defined in the banking law and the statute of the entity, as well as all other activities carried out by the bank, not related directly to the core business activity, aimed at ensuring the functioning of the bank. The subject of bank accounting is a bank, which is an entity operating under the banking law. Bank accounting provides data for: bank management, shareholders, clients, contractors, financial supervisors, central bank. In Poland, banks as an organizational unit operating under the Banking Act are covered by the overarching and universal act regulating the accounting system, ie the Accounting Act. September 29,

Map of Central Asia from 1903, marked by the course of the already existing river Uzboj There is no river present in Central Asia, flowing through today's Turkmenistan from Lake Sarykamysh to the Caspian Sea. Presumptions about the existence of European science began to fall at the end of the 19th century, when the region of Central Asia was discovered by Russians and merchants after the penetration of the region by Russian scholars and merchants. Initially it was assumed that Uzboj was the Caspian Sea, and then that it was the ancient course of Amu-Darion as a whole. Contemporary research has ruled out both of these possibilities - in historical times, the Caspian Sea did not reach so far east, and the Uzbek Riverbed was too narrow to accommodate the entire Amu-dari waters. Uzbekistan was also linked to another possible historical course of Amu darya - the southern edge of the Turin Plain when its tributaries were Tenden and Murgab. According to the prevailing hypothesis,