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USS Collier - American hornbill. Built in Cincinnati in 1864 as "Allen Collier" and purchased by the United States Navy on 7 December this year. She entered service as USS "Allen Collier" on March 18, 1865 and renamed the USS "Collier" shortly thereafter. Navy records sometimes give it under the previous name, often also under which he never wore ("A. Collier"). She patrolled the Mississippi River until the end of the Civil War. He was withdrawn from service on July 29, 1865 and sold to civilian service the same year. Bibliography This article contains content provided within the public domain by the Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. These contents are located here. wiki

Perception - the ability to perceive, organize and interpret sensory impressions, to understand the environment. Perception is perception; conscious sensory response to external stimulus; how to react, receive sensations. (W. Kopaliński) There are two types of cognitive structures: Human perception systems allow him to see, hear, feel, smell, touch and change temperature. It is also a sense of consciousness (environment). Perception in a broad sense implies registration (capture) of objects and events of the external environment: their sensory perception, understanding, identification and verbal determination, and preparation for reaction to the stimulus. Stages of Perception: wiki

Ionic Strength, I - measure in the solution of interstitial interactions, determining the influence of all the ions present on their behavior and interaction with the electric field. For simple 1: 1 electrolytes containing only monovalent ions, eg, HCl, NaOH or NaCl, the ionic strength is equal to their molar concentration, whereas the ionic strength for the 2: 2 electrolyte, eg MgSO4, is four times greater than its concentration. > ionic strength: I = 1 2 ∑ i = 1 n c i from i 2 {\displaystyle I={\begin{matrix}{\frac {1}{2}}\end{matrix}}\sum _{i=1}^{n}c_{i}z_{i}^{2}} where: Ci - ion concentration (mol / dm) or molar [mol / kg], ionic charge, n - total number of ion species in solution. The direct influence of ionic strength is manifested, among others. in the change of the so-called. The activity coefficients f (often used as the symbol γ). For example, the increase in ionic strength resulting in a decrease in activity coefficients causes certain ions to behave as if they were

Finger-claw weapon, used as a training weapon for fencing sword training. The toe is a stick of 80 centimeters to one meter long, about 2.5 cm in diameter, made of hardwood, often with a basket (traditionally made of wicker). Fighting on the palate was also a well-known form of youth recreation until the Second World War. There is currently an attempt to revive the art of fighting with the palms of the lovers of the former Polish armor Signum Polonicum. Bibliography wiki

Progressive Scan - This is a video technique where the image (in contrast to interline scanning) is scanned in its entirety. This makes the image appear entirely on the TV screen. This technique significantly enhances image quality and eliminates eye fatigue caused by flickering. Application Progressive scan is used on high definition television in 720p and 1080p. The image is then transmitted at a speed of 23.997-60 fps at 1280x720 or 1920x1080 pixels. Progressive scan supports a limited range of six-generation consoles (Xbox, PlayStation 2, GameCube and Sega Dreamcast) and full-range 7th generation (Xbox 360, PlayStation 3 and Wii) as well as Blu-ray players. p> For the past few years, the HD camcorders have also grown to include image recording. To use progressive scan technology, you need a TV that supports this standard. wiki

Włodzimierz Radwaniecki "Radwan" (born in 1964 in Olsztyn) is a Polish sailor and fighter. Polish medalist in sailing. Graduated from the Department of Trenerski Academy of Physical Education in Gdansk for sailing. Polish Champion in Finn class in 1991 In the years 1978-1985 a member of the MKSW Olsztyn (later Juvenia). 1985-1991 member of the Yacht Club Gdansk Shipyard. Lenin. In the years 1987-1992 member of the National Team in the Finn class. Since 2003, he represented the colors of the Apotex Sailing Team in the Omega class, later the Skippi 650. Member of the elite Club of the Republics. Best results wiki

Hryćko Czarny, actually Hryćko Sawic (Croatian Грицько Чорний) - Cossack hetman in the years 1624, 1628, 1629-1630. He came from Cherkas. Its social origin is unknown. As a protege of Koniecpolski hetman - elected in the early spring of 1628, from the Cossack elders to the hetman of the Cossacks registers. He led Propolian politics, leaning on the Greek-Catholic Union. In November 1628 he organized an expedition to the Crimea. Some of the Cossacks refused to take it (the reason was lack of warm clothing). The commanded by the hetman was defeated by Perekop. In the early spring of 1630, due to the dissatisfaction of a large part of the unregistered cossack, there was a revolt led by Taras Fedorovich. He was captured by rebellious black and condemned to death. Judgment by cutting hands and head made Tatar. wiki

Lucrum cessans (Latin) - the benefits expected by the legal entity but not achieved by the fact that someone has failed to fulfill his obligations and thereby harmed him in order to achieve these benefits. For example, if a car carrier has a two-month order and X carries a car to carry goods, the injured person will be able to claim damages from the perpetrator not only to repair the actual damage (damnum emergens) but also the return of lost profits, that is, the profits from transport that would have been achieved if the car was efficient. Bibliography Read about legal notices in Wikipedia. wiki

Basil Kuc (born March 31, 1897 in Trabach, died November 17, 1944 in Pavlodar) is a Belarusian political activist of the Second Polish Republic. Curriculum vitae He graduated from a vocational school in St. Petersburg and later entered the military career (Kazan Cadet School). In the years 1915-1918 he fought in the Russian army, in 1918 captured and condemned to death by the Bolsheviks in Petrograd, escaped to fight in the white guards. In 1921 he settled in Poland, in the district of Woźnian, where he ran his own farm. For several terms he held the office of the mayor of the municipality of Traby, he enrolled as a sponsor of numerous folk schools and fellowships for talented young Belarussian youth (for which he devoted his own parliamentary diet). He was the president of the Stefczyka Cashier in the district of Callow. In the years 1930-1935 he served as deputy MP from the same district. In 1939, he was appointed Civilian Field Security Commissioner, after the Red Army in

The right of acquisition - a special right granted by the Agricultural Property Agency under the Law on the Formation of the Agricultural System of 2003. The exercise of this right is a unilateral, unnamed legal action. The right of acquisition is granted to an ANR when a transfer of ownership of an agricultural property occurs under a contract other than sales. ANR exercises the right of acquisition by unilateral statement of will, made within one month of the transfer of ownership. The purchase right is excluded in the following situations: The acquisition right is not subject to property transfer as a result of non-contractual events such as court rulings. Bibliography wiki

Unfair competition - private law to protect the interests of entrepreneurs and, to a lesser extent, consumers, against illegal activities or good morals. Examples of unfair competition are: The right to fight unfair competition in Poland In Poland, the legislative act regulating the fight against unfair competition is the Act of 16 April 1993 on Combating Unfair Competition. In the interwar period this role was fulfilled by the Act on Combating Unfair Competition of August 2, 1926. wiki

Herb Szárász is a village and municipality in the south-western part of Hungary, near the town of Komló. The village is located in the area of ​​low mountain range Mecsek. It belongs to the administrative district of Komló (one of its 19 municipalities), which is part of the Baranya district. The village of Szárász consists of the village of Szárász itself and a number of unnamed villages, as well as individual houses. The municipality covers an area of ​​5.98 km²; and 34 people live there (2009). Bibliography wiki

Sheep of multicolor Sheep, a four-legged sheep, Jacob's sheep - a breed of sheep. Its origin is unknown. It is believed that it originated in areas of present-day Syria. It is cultivated mainly in Western Europe and in the USA in the state of Texas, but its breeding areas also include neighboring states where it breeds on a very small scale. Its main use is to deliver meat and milk. This sheep has two pairs of horns, one of which is longer and facing downwards. The taller pair is shorter and wider, as is the mulon. Multi-colored sheep have a black, brown, gray or white color. Occasionally, individuals with spotted or spotty ointment. Characteristics wiki

The theory of property rights or the economics of property rights - one of the institutional neo-classical trends, initiated in the 1970s. by Armand A. Alchian and Harold Demset. Property rights emphasize the importance of individual and transferable property rights for efficient allocation of resources in the economy. In the theory of property rights it is assumed that property rights allow to limit the range of non-economic relations, ie those that are uncoordinated by the market, which means that these rights are a way of intrinsic external effects. Other Institutional Flows of Neoclassical Economics: wiki

Sabinians (or Cassians) - a Roman school of law established at the beginning of the 1st century. Founder of the Sabinian school was Gaius Aytius Capito, a lawyer from the time of Augustus, who supported the primordial (primitive). However, the name of the school was taken from the successor of the founder, Sabinus. The school's views are defined as opposition to Prokulian's competitive Republican school. Among the representatives of the Sabinian school are: Gaius Cassius Longinus (the alternative name of the school - Cassian), Lucius Jawolenus Pryskus and Julianus Salvius. Sabinian's work was used during the codification of Justinian's law in VIn.e. Bibliography wiki

Piotr Wysocki (born June 27, 1898 in Rusibork near Środa Wielkopolska, died October 5, 1985 in Pile) - President of Gorzów Wielkopolski in 1945-1947, president of Piła in 1947-1948, starost in Szczytno from 1948 to 1950 . Curriculum vitae He participated in the Uprising of Wielkopolska, fighting in Gniezno, Duszyń, Margonin and Nakle; after 19 January 1919 he was a soldier of 70 pp in Pleszewo. He worked in the law firm, then in the Trade Union of Agriculture and Forestry Workers, he sympathized with the PPS. The occupation was spent in Wągrowiec. He entered the operational group, which Florian Kroenke, as a government agent for the Gorzów region, brought to Gorzów Wielkopolski on March 28, 1945. The next day Wysocki was appointed mayor of the city; In that position he was until April 20, when he was appointed president of the city. The nomination was sanctioned by the voivode of Poznań, who on September 1 excluded Gorzów Wielkopolski from the jurisdiction of the regional plenipot

Artaxes II, Artoyes II orm: Արտաշես Երկրորդ (d. 20 p.n.) - King of Armenia in the 30s p.n. - 20 p.n. of the Artaxis dynasty. The older son of Artavazdes II. After taking and losing Artavazdes II he took the throne of Armenia. He fought with the Romans, but after the defeats he had to seek refuge in the Party. He received military assistance to help Armenia again. He successfully fought with his father, Artavazdes of Media. By his orders, all Romans were murdered, within the borders of his state. One may assume that this was a retaliation for his father's death on the orders of Cleopatra VII and Mark Antony. This action affected the rejection of Emperor August when Artaxes II by the members sought to release his relatives from Roman captivity. In 20 r. p.n.e. Some of the Armenian nobles sent a petition to the Emperor Augustus, requesting a photo of the throne of Artaxes II and handing it over to Tigranes, who was under Roman custody. The emperor agreed and decided to send the

Hathemoda, Hatumoda (born 840, 29 November 874 in Bad Gandersheim, Lower Saxony) was the first abbot of the Gandersheim monastery since 852. > Hatumoda was the daughter of Prince Ludolf and Odin of the Billung dynasty. Her father went on a pilgrimage to Rome from where he brought relics of Popes Anasta I and Innocent I received from Pope Sergius II for the planned monastery foundation. In 852 the monastery was erected in Brunshausen, which was transferred to Gandersheim in 856. Ludolf's four children joined the Church, three of whom were abbots in Gandersheim: Hatumoda, Gerber, and Krystyna. Hatumoda died of an unknown disease, which she infected by nursing her sick sister. Soon after her death, the monk Agius of the Lamspringe monastery wrote her life "Vita obitus Hathumodae." Literature Authoritative control (person): wiki

Hydrochoria has allowed the spread of coconut palms on islands far from thousands of kilometers away Hydrochloride - one of the ways of spreading plant seeds and spores. It is often found in aquatic and marsh plants (algae, mown, alder, yellow water lily and others). Less often in plants growing in less humid places such as in moss, sedum, evening primrose. Then spores or seeds are spread by rain (rainwater) or water from the reservoirs. The hydrochloride plant, for example, is found in palm trees, allowing for the spreading of coconut palms and Se palm trees to even very remote sites (eg islands). Seeds and fruits have special hydrochlorination properties in their construction. Prior to soaking water, they are covered with a thick coat or waxy coating. Floating even large and heavy fruit on the water allows special tissue - crumble the air. Some diaspora are raised by lighter oil than water. Some fruits have special Italian or scalloped covers (so-called rain throwers) that allow

Ziri ibn Manad (-971) - founder of the Zirid dynasty in the Maghreb. Ziri ibn Manad was the leader of the Berber tribe of the Sanhedrines, who defeated Abu Yazid (943-947) in the alliance with the Fatimids. He was awarded the Governor of Western Provinces, whose area roughly corresponds to modern Algeria in the north of the Sahara. Ziri built a 935 mansion in Ashir south of later Algiers. His efforts were supported by the Fatimids by sending craftsmen and architects. His son Buluggin ibn Ziri founded the cities of Algiers, Miliana and Medea (Lamdija) and rebuilt the ruins destroyed during the rebellion. Ziri ibn Manad died in a battle against the rebellious Berber tribes in Morocco. His son, Buluggin ibn Ziri, became his successor in 972 and became viceroy of Ifrikiji (972-984) when the Fatimids moved their mansion to Egypt. wiki

Herb Magyarszék is a village and municipality in the south-western part of Hungary, near the town of Komló. The village is located in the area of ​​low mountain range Mecsek. It belongs to the administrative district of Komló (one of its 19 municipalities), which is part of the Baranya district. The Magyarszék municipality consists of the village of Magyarszék and a number of unnamed villages, which form part of the village and individual houses. The municipality covers an area of ​​13.86 km² and is inhabited by 1 101 people (2009). Bibliography wiki

Matthiassen State Park is a state park in LaSalle County, Illinois, United States. Although the beginnings of the park date back to the end of the 19th century, in its present form and under the current name the park was opened in 1943. The park occupies an area of ​​1,938 acres (7.84 km²). The park has two separate, though interconnected, areas. In the north is the Dells Area, whose main attraction is the interesting geological forms, canyons and so-called. "dells" formed in erosion processes in local sandstone. There is also a shooting range for archers and a campsite for people riding in the park. In the south of the park is the Vermilion River Area. There is an area where remote controlled airplanes can be opened. In both parts, a network of marked hiking trails with a total length of more than 8 km was marked out. There is also a trail connecting the two parts of about 1.6 km. Deer hunting is permitted after the relevant permits are issued. wiki

Stefan Jacek Dembinski-Dembina (born September 30, 1887 in New Siole, March 27, 1972 in London) is a brigadier general of the Polish Armed Forces II and Polish Armed Forces, appointed in 1964 by the President of the Republic of Poland in exile. / p> Curriculum vitae Stefan Jacek Dembiński was born on September 30, 1887 in Nowy Siole, in the district of Cieszanowskie. Graduate of the Military Academy in Wiener Neustadt and Higher School of Driving in Vienna. A professional officer of the imperial and royal army since 1908. In 1913, as a lieutenant in the ranks of the 1st Lancers Regiment, he participated in hippies. He fought on the fronts of the First World War as commander of Squadron 1 of the Lancers Regiment. In the Polish Army from November 1918, the battalion commander in defense of Lwow, then to February 1919 commander of the 8th Lancers regiment in the Volhynia Group. February 1919 - July 1920 instructor at the Officer's School of Driving in Przemysl. July 1920 - Oc

Wieslaw Marian Grochowski (born January 23, 1911 in Ostrołęka, died December 18, 1994 in Warsaw), Polish Forester, Professor at the Forestry Research Institute in Warsaw, member of the Polish Academy of Sciences. He was the son of Ludwik (court official) and Mary of Grochowski (sic). A doctorate in forestry was obtained in 1951 at the Main School of Agriculture on the basis of the dissertation. Characteristics of pine resin leakage. From 1955 he was an associate professor, since 1967 a professor of secondary forestry production at the Forestry Research Institute in Warsaw. Since 1971 he was a correspondent and since 1983 he has been a member of the Polish Academy of Sciences. In the years 1962-1965 he was the deputy chairman of the Forest Science Committee of the Polish Academy of Sciences, then elected three times as Chairman of the Committee (1965-1974, 1977-1982, 1984-1989), and in 1991 received the title of honorary president. In 1994 the Poznan University of Agriculture awarde

Ionophilia, phonetic similarity. It refers to words in different meanings, but in a phonetic way sounding the same. In Polish, they may sound the same: "rz" and "ż", "rz" and "sz", "u" and "ó", "u" and "ł". As an example of words that sound the same, you can say "sea" and "can". In the Polish context, it makes it possible to unmistake the meaning of every statement. It is more difficult in English, eg "it", "too" and "two". The isofonium deficiency is primarily committed when writing from hearing. After the year 200, in Greek, the isofonium error was committed in connection with itatism (η, υ, ει, οι, ηι and υι were pronounced identically as "i"). wiki

Non-Maskable Interrupt (NMI) - A special type of interrupt that occurs in most processor architectures. What distinguishes it from the regular interrupt is that it is not possible to ignore it by setting the appropriate bit mask in the Interrupt Mask Register (IMR) of the interrupt controller, hence the term "non-masking". Currently, NMI interrupts are mainly used to debug program code, which can turn off regular interrupts by shortening their circuit (eg operating system code). Comments wiki

Aleksandrs Jēkabs Grīns (born August 15, 1895 in the village of Birži near Jekabpils, December 25, 1941 in Astrakhan) - Latvian military and writer, participant in the First World War. After graduating from junior high school in Kies, he volunteered for the Russian army, fighting in her ranks during the First World War. In the meantime, he gained a military education at the Cadet School. Alsace in Moscow (1915). From August 1916 he commanded a regiment of Latvian shooters in Russia. In the spring of 1919 he fought in the ranks of the Latvian Soviet army, and after a month moved to the national army of Latvia. In 1920 he became a captain. He studied military journalism: from 1920 to 1924 he was replaced by the editor of the military script of Latvijas kareivis. In 1924 he went to reserve, devoting himself to writing (in 1932-1934 he published a two-volume novel about the First World War Dvēseļu putenis) to return to the army in 1936. He was in charge of protecting the state border

Story Millionaire Gordon Cload, thanks to his fabulous wealth, is able to provide a luxurious existence not only to himself but also to his whole family; Family members do not have to worry about any financial barriers. This goes on until the rich man dies unexpectedly during the bombing. All of his fortune is in the hands of his recently married wife, Rosaleen. Cloads are desperate. There is no doubt that if Gordon had predicted his premature death, he would have made a will where Rosaleen would have written most of the estate, but would not miss the rest of the family. In the absence of a will, the Cloisters remained without a penny; Over time, they get worse. They decide to present the whole awkward matter of Rosaleen. A widow understands Cload's family and wants to support them, but her brother, David Hunter, is forbidden. It was a commando, a young man with a rather unapologetic disposition; She has a huge impact on her sister. One day, however, the lot to Cloads smile

Iwan Nikitowicz Kononov, Russian Иван Никитович Кононов (born 2 April 1903 in Novgorod, Russia, died in 1957 in Australia) - Soviet military officer (major), commander of 102 Cossack cavalry squadron, 600 Cossacks Cavalry Regiment, 5 Cavalry Cavalry Regiment in 1 Cavalry Cavalry Division, 3 Cavalry Brigades, 3 Pedestrian Divisions in the XV Cavalry Corps of the SS Cavalry, and then Chief of Staff of the Corps during World War II. In 1920 he joined the Bolshevik army. Served in 14 cavalry divisions of the 1st Armored Cavalry on the Polish front. In 1922, he graduated from the junior high school of the 14th. coffees. Until September 1924, he served in the division, then became commander of the division in the 27th Cavalry Regiment of the 5th Barrack Regiment. In 1927 he graduated from military school and then took command of the 27th Bomb Squadron. In the years 1930-1932 he participated in the fight against peasant revolt in the North Caucasus. From January 1932 he served as a politica

Brahma Sahampati - is considered the supreme deity among the Mahabharas, being invisible when he attained enlightenment. Later, when the Buddha meditated in Uruveli, Brahma Sahampati added to him the courage needed to convey the Dharma to the people. According to some commentaries, he was one of the deities of Suddhavasa. He was an incarnation of a monk named Sahak, who practiced earlier in the sand of the Kaśyapa Buddha tradition. Once upon a time, he convinced a woman whose son was a monk, instead of offering Brahma gifts, gave alms to his son (who accidentally was named Brahmadeva). Saṃyutta Nikāya contains verses considered to have been uttered by Brahma Sahampati when he and Buddha accompanied him with Sakra. Brahma Sahampati was at the Buddha at his death. The verses assigned to him are collected in the Mahāparinibbāna-sutta. Of all the Brahms, he was probably the closest of the Buddha. wiki

Be Persecuted - Chinese metal band playing black metal. The album is produced by No Colors Records. Curriculum vitae Be Persecuted is a black metal game called "depressive" or "suicide" black metal. The band was released in 2005 and released the first demo. In 2007 they debuted with an album titled I.I, which met with good reception of the media and other listeners. The band is one of the few black metal bands in China, but the only one that has a woman who was responsible for singing, which is almost unheard of on the black metal scene. Current team discography wiki

Weimarar syndrome - a term used to describe the paralysis and self-destruction of the parliamentary democracy system. They are featured in: The occurrence of the Weimar syndrome often foreshadows the demise of democracy and the establishment of an authoritarian or totalitarian regime. The name comes from the German Weimar Republic (1918-1933), whose final period of existence is a classic example of the distribution of the pluralistic system. The growing economic crisis, the weakness and powerlessness of democratic parties, and the growing importance of totalitarian parties (communists and national socialists) led in 1933 to "seize power" by Adolf Hitler. Bibliography wiki

Lejb-Gwardyjskiego Transformers commemorative plaque Nicholas II Romanov in the uniform of Lejb-Gwardyjski Transformers Regiment The Lejb-Guards Lejb-Gwardy The Polish Regiment took part in the armed forces of the Napoleonic era, and also during the First World War. Repeatedly renamed, mainly after the change of position of the regimental commander, disbanded in 1918. Mundur (1910) Feast day: 6 August. Localization in 1914: Saint Petersburg (С.-Петербург). The Temple of the Transfiguration was in St. Petersburg. Bibliography wiki

Martin Windrow (born 1944) is a British historian, publisher and author of several hundred books and monographs on the specialization of the organization and the conditions of the Army's equipment, with particular to the history of World War II and the French Foreign Legion. <<> Windrow is a graduate of Wellington College. He sits in many historical commissions, among others. Royal Historical Society and the Foreign Legion Association of Great Britain. His most important work published in recent years is the book The Last Valley, dedicated to the battle of Dien Bien Phu, fought during the First Indochina War. This publication has received positive reviews from historical publications. Publications Authoritative control (person): wiki

Desertification - the process of widening deserts in areas where it has not been observed in historical times. The deserts consume almost 6 million hectares a year in 60 countries inhabited by about one billion people. The most affected by the desertification process are the developing countries, but industrialized countries are also threatened, where intensive use of pesticides, fertilizers and intensive melioration lead to soil rinsing. Other causes of desertification include: forest degradation, degrading of savanna trees, plowing of steppes, excessive grazing of cattle, change of direction of rivers, mining, abandonment of traditional farming techniques. Ways to eliminate desertification: The effect of desertification is: wiki

Aerotonon Aerotonon (aero - air, "tonos" - a tone, a specific sound, also called areotonon, from Ares - god of war.) - a war machine, neurobalist, throwing projectiles on a flat track, invented in ancient Greece, a variant ballistic energy using compressed air. The idea of ​​building this machine was about 290 r. p.n.e. The Greek inventor Ktesibios was described 30 years after his death in the work of Mechanike syntaxis by Filon of Byzantium. The rods were rotatably mounted and, when applied to the hollow pistons, moving in the metal cylinders, they pressed the air in, while compressing them in the cylinders. The release of the chord caused a rapid movement of the rods caused by the expansion of the air and the pushing of the pistons outward. The way in which the cylinders have been tightened is unknown. The model reconstructed in the Hamburg museum only worked when the compressor was connected. A similar device describes Filon, where compressed air and pistons are replace

Rūdolfs Muižzemnieks (born May 15, 1895 in Salgale, Latvia, Russia, March 26, 1980 in Boston) is a Latvian military lieutenant colonel, commander of the 1st Battalion of the 1st Latvian SS Border Regiment. then 2 school battalions at the end of World War II On December 9, 1918, he joined the newly formed Latvian army, earning the rank of Lieutenant. Served in 1 Volunteer Company in Elkhora, then 2 Battalions in Kies. In June 1919 he was transferred to 4 Independent Battalions, and in August of that year to the 2nd Infantry Regiment in Windawa. In May 1920 he was promoted to captain. From April 1921 he was deputy commander of the military district of Liepaja, and from May 1923 - commander of the military district of Valmiera. In 1924, he became the military commander of the town of Liepaja. In 1926, he was transferred to the 3rd Infantry Regiment in Jełgawa. From 1938 he served in the 12th Infantry Regiment in Bauska as battalion commander and lieutenant colonel. In February 1940 he d

Primary stabbing headache - a condition known as primary (idiopathic) headache characterized by pricking pains located in orbital, temporal or parietal areas. Pain is short-lived, appears as a single prick or puncture, their duration usually less than 3 seconds (up to 1 minute). Anaphylaxis can be repeated several times a day. Illness is not a health hazard, it is quite common. Indomethacin is used in doses of 50-75 mg given once or twice daily. Melatonin has also been improved. Bibliography See terms related to medical terms and related wikipedia. wiki

Photoautotrophic micropropagation (PAMS) is a micro-reproduction (vegetative reproduction in vitro) in photoautotrophic conditions. If the environment is modified to allow photosynthesis, green plant explants may grow in vitro on sugar-free media. The theory of photoautotrophic microphotography was created by Japanese professor Toyoki Kozai with the Chiba University team. All nutrients in the medium are inorganic. Modified environmental conditions are primarily a higher light intensity (plant-wavelength equivalent) and carbon dioxide access. The advantages of this method are: In 1992, the Japanese Society of Environment Control in Biology awarded Professor Kozai a prize for the above theory. Plant cultures obtained by photoautotrophic microproteinisation are characterized by high health, showing normal morphology and physiology. wiki

Agrotechnika Service and Production Teams - Polish company dealing in foodstuffs and computer hardware. Jadwiga Staniszkis states that it was the first large nomenclature company in Poland. Her activist was Waldemar Pawlak. Her last president and then liquidator was Zygfryd Kielarski - also the first president of the insurance company Polisa SA. History Founded in 1984 by activists of the Rural Youth Association and officers of the Military Academy of Technology. At first, she dealt in trade (mainly export) of foodstuffs. In 1984 Agrotechnik's profit amounted to PLN 3.6 million. In the following years, using the World Bank loan, the company began importing computer parts from the West into Poland, despite the fact that Western countries affiliated with the CoCom organization introduced an embargo on electronic equipment sent to the socialist countries. In 1986, thanks to computer exports (mostly to the USSR), the company's profit was PLN 688m. Around the company became lou

Sławomir Jastrzębowski (born 2 June 1968 in Łódź) is a Polish journalist. Curriculum vitae He completed his studies at the University of Lodz and an Executive MBA at the Institute of Economic Sciences of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Warsaw (2017). He worked in the Łódź branch of TVP as an investigative journalist in the "Lodz News of the Day" and was also the head of the investigative unit in "Dziennik Lodz". Since 2003 he has worked as a reporter in the "Fakcie", head of the events department, and since 2005 deputy editor-in-chief. In December 2007 he was appointed editor-in-chief of "Super Express". Since January 2014, he has been leading the program "So How?" (Originally broadcast in Superstacja, then from March 2017 on ZPR Media's new TV channel) and Superexpress.tv. In October 2014, he became the editor-in-chief of the Super Express Group, which includes all the products of this brand (printed newspaper, se.pl web site,

Chanelle Scott Calica, known as Shystie (born December 25, 1982) is a British rapper, songwriter and actress. Her mother was born and brought up in Barbados, while her father was in Grenada. Shystie grew up in Hackney, East London. She began to gain fame thanks to her response to Dizzee Rascal's "I Luv U" and on her tour of Basement Jaxx and The Streets, which led to her signing to major record label Polydor. In 2004, she recorded her debut album Diamond in the Dirt. It reached the UK sales of 55,000. The first single from the album became the song One Wish, placing on the 40th place UK Singles Chart. This piece talks about the sad events of the childhood of some people who grew up in blocks. Shystie also plays a leading character named Dionne on the television series Dubplate Drama. This hero is an MC who wants to promote his music to the world, but he encounters in his way both a lot of difficulties, unfavorable people and people helping her to pursue a career.

Maksim Konstantynovich Buguraev, Russian Максим Константинович Бугураев (born 1892 in Belokalitvienskaya State in Russia, died June 6, 1982 in Lakewood, USA) - Russian military officer (colonel), commander of the artillery platoon in the Russian Corps Protected during the Second World War, an emigrant Cossack press. He graduated from the Cadet Corps of Ukraine, and in 1913, the Michajovsk Academy of Artillery in St. Petersburg. Served in 6 guns of Cossacks. He participated in the First World War. Served in spare turreted artillery batteries, then 12 batteries of Cossack artillery. He was awarded the Order of St. Vladimir. After the October Revolution of 1917, he was arrested in Novosibirsk by the Bolsheviks and imprisoned. He went to free himself after taking over the city by the white men he had joined. He became commander of the 7th Cossack artillery batteries in the rank of colonel. After the evacuation of white troops from Crimea to Gallipoli in November 1920, he settled in Bul

Amursana (born 1722, died in 1757) - Prince of Mongolian Ojrates. In 1754, he initiated the rebellion of the Ojrates (in the jungle) and the Mongols of western Mongolia against the people of Mongolia. He became commander of the uprising and until 1757 he led intensive battles, achieving transient significant successes, which provided him with great publicity among the nomads. After the defeat of the insurgents and the retaliatory slaughter of the Chinese population by the Chinese army, he went to Russia where he was sheltered in spite of the demands of the Chinese authorities, who cared for the extradition of Amursana. Soon he died there for smallpox. The cult of Amursana, as the leader of the anti-Chinese movement, remained in Mongolia until independence. Numerous Mongol commanders fighting in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries with China, such as Dama Lama, used this cult for propaganda purposes, claiming to be reincarnation of this figure. Bibliography wiki

Henryk Czekała - pseudonym: "Scot" (born June 8, 1965) is a Polish artist, shamymen, one of the main representatives of the scene of a sea folk dance. Since 1985 he has performed as a vocalist in the Shanty Mechanics team. He was also a member, co-founder and shameless Twentieth Band. For a while, appearing in both formations. Since 2004, he has also been working on the Scottish Trupa project, which is attended by many musicians, known from the seafaring and folk scene. She is a translator and author of many Polish versions of well known shanties and sailing songs. discography wiki

Diagram showing differentiation of liver with Riedl lobe and enlarged gall bladder Riedel lobe, labyrinth appendicularis, linguiformis linguiformis - a variant of the anatomical structure of the liver, consisting of the presence of a long lingual appendicitis that goes from the right lobe laterally to the gall bladder. The concept of Riedel's tongue is often found in German-speaking medical literature (German Riedel 'Leberforsatz, Riedel' zungenförmiger Leberforsatz). This anomaly was described by German surgeon Bernhard Moritz Carl Ludwig Riedel in 1888. See terms related to medical terms and related wikipedia. wiki

Cobra - an international avant-garde artistic group founded in Paris in 1948 at the International Conference on Vanishing Art Documentation. It was mainly in Brussels until 1950. It included painters, writers and poets from Denmark, Belgium and the Netherlands. The name was created from the first letters of capitals of these countries: COpenhaga, Brussels and Amsterdam. The group published the magazine "Cobra". The group was initiated by Danish Asger Jorn. The artist's assumption was a spontaneous and spontaneous art liberated from all norms. They created surrealistic and abstract images in the informel type. They were inspired by children's art, mentally ill people, myths and art of non-European countries. They were named the Twentieth Century Vanguard (Willemijn Stokvis). Group members Dutch artists: Belgian artists: Danish artists: Bibliography wiki

Extrinsic motivation - Engaging in a given activity to achieve external consequences (as opposed to internal motivation). Behavior is only an instrument to achieve something else. Examples of externally motivated actions: There are premises for the claim that when a person understands his or her actions as being motivated externally, he does not at the same time notice that it can be motivated internally, leading to loss of pleasure. This type of motivation is used, for example, to treat alcoholics. An outside court may be a court judgment for treatment, a re-formulation of values ​​and a sense of worth to be treated for. wiki

Bhumi (Poom) Jensen, Jensen (16 August 1983 - 26 December 2004), grandson of King of Thailand Framework IX. He was the son of the eldest daughter of King Rama, Princess Ubol Rattana, and her American husband, Ladda Jensen. Although his father was a foreigner, he had royal family privileges in Thailand. He suffered from autism, which drew the attention of the Thai people to the problem of this disease. He died during his vacation in Khao Lak, Phang Nga Province, as one of many thousands of earthquakes and tsunamis in December 2004. wiki

Władysław Piskorz (born July 24, 1954 in Reszel) is a Polish state official, former deputy minister at UKIE. He spent his childhood in Worpowki, where he started studying at a local elementary school. In 1974 he graduated from the Agricultural Technical School in Reszel, and in 1979 studied at the Faculty of Economics and Agriculture of the Main School of Rural Economy in Warsaw. He graduated with a Ph.D. in agricultural sciences. After graduation, he was employed at the Faculty of Economics and Agriculture of WULS-SGGW. He was a Scholar at Washington State University in Pullmann. Since 1993 he has been working in the Section for Economic Analysis of Agricultural Policy of the Foundation for Aid Programs for Agriculture, since 1995 as a director. In 1997 he served as Undersecretary of State at the Office of the Committee for European Integration. In the years 1998-2006 he was a diplomat at the Permanent Representation of the Republic of Poland to the EU in Brussels in the Departm

Beneficiary - customary fixation of friendship between two or more unrelated men (between women - posestries), a union based on common law, obliging them to friendship and mutual help, sometimes creating legal relationships of siblings, widespread until the end of the nineteenth century, the former, also in Poland and Lithuania; was life-long or was renewed every year; Making a marriage (usually in childhood) was not a celebration; Friends exchanged rings and exchanged names; being committed to mutual respect, defense, giving priority to others; Widespread among the soldiers; Customs similar to that of other nations, among others. Indian and Tatars. wiki

Norbert Masur (born 1901 in Friedrichstadt, Germany, died 1971) - German Jew, Leiser Masur's son, emigrated from Germany to Stockholm before the outbreak of World War II. He was the chairman of the Stockholm Zionist Association and the treasurer of the local Jewish World Congress. As a representative of the World Jewish Congress, On 20 April 1945 Heinrich Himmler negotiated the release of more than 1000 people (mainly women) from concentration camps to Sweden. This number was negotiated up to 7000. wiki

Jonathan Schaeffer (born 1957 in Toronto) is a Canadian computer scientist known for making checkers, poker and chess. Schaeffer is a professor of computer science at the University of Alberta. In 1989, he created an English checker game, called Chinook, which in 1992 and in 1994 held matches with then-world champion Marion Tinsley. The first game ended with Tinsley winning (4 wins, 34 draws and two losses). Tinsley's second match was for walkover because of his health. On July 19, 2007, Shaeffer's Science magazine published an article in which he reported that the Chinook database contained complete information about all 500 trillion (5x10) settings possible for the pawns on the board. The program's creators have proven that in the event that no player makes an error, the checklist must end with a draw. Schaeffer is also one of the creators of the Polaris program, taking part in poker tournaments with professional players. Authoritative control (person): wiki

Irena Fenikowska, from the house of Hozakowska, I voto Orzechowska (born July 2, 1923 in Toruń, died November 8, 1993 in Warsaw), wife of writer and traveler Franciszek Fenikowski, carer and donor of his heritage for the Museum of Literature and Music Kashub- Pomeranian in Wejherowo, author of memoirs. She was the daughter of Bronisław Hozakowski, a merchant and national activist in Pomerania, and Eugenia of Bortnowski. Shortly before the outbreak of World War II, she received a small degree in the Sacré Coeur high school in Pobiedziska near Poznan. Due to the war, the education was supplemented only by many years later with a diploma in economics. During the occupation, she and her family were displaced to Warsaw and worked in the seed company. After the war, she returned to Toruń and assisted her father in running a family business (until nationalization of the company); My father died in 1948, but under false allegations of spousal involvement in England she spent several years in

Julius Christian Johannes Zeller (born June 24, 1822 in Mühlhausen near Stuttgart, May 31, 1899 in Bad Cannstatt near Stuttgart) is a German mathematician. With education mathematician, geographer and theologian, in 1874 Zeller became dean of the seminary in Markgröningen and director of a girlish orphanage. In 1882 he became a member of the French Mathematical Society. A year later, March 16, 1883, he presented a brief description of his equation (Zeller's equation), which was published in the Society's journal. He was awarded the First Class Frederick Order, and the Crown Order of Württemberg. He retired in 1898, one year later he died. Authoritative control (person): wiki

Gideon Brand van Zyl (1873-1956) was the Governor of the ZPA, the first born in South Africa. The governor functioned from 1945 to 1950. Van Zyl was born in Cape Town in 1873 as the son of a prominent lawyer. After graduating in 1898, Gideon joined the family business. During the First War, Gideon served as an adviser to the War Department. During the First World War, Van Zyl was recruited as a recruiting director in the Cape Town area. In 1915, van Zyl joined the South African Union Party of which he was a member of the Cape Town City Council until 1918. Then von Zyl was a Member of the Parliament until 1942. Between 1934 and 1942 Gideon was the Speaker of the Parliament. Edward Jansen replaced him. In 1942-1945, he was the administrator of Cape Town and in mid-1945 he was appointed governor of South Africa. He served until 1950. Gideon van Zyl was married to Marie Fraser whom he married in 1900. He died in 1956 Bibliography wiki

Bank Svenska Handelsbanken AB Svenska Handelsbanken AB is one of the largest Swedish banks, founded in 1871 in Stockholm. Svenska Handelsbanken has branches in Australia, Austria, Brazil, China, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Spain, Netherlands, Hong Kong, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Latvia, Malaysia, Germany, Norway, Russia, Singapore, Switzerland, Switzerland, USA, UK. UK. The bank employs almost 11,000 people. In Poland, it has been operating since 1997 under the name of Svenska Handelsbanken AB Spółka Akcyjna Branch in Poland and has 1 branch in Warsaw. wiki

A number of places have been devoted to the effects of US industrialization and the issues of US government intervention in international and domestic politics. They were supported, among others. US accession to the First World War on the Allied side. With regard to the Russian revolution of 1917, and immediately after it, the newspaper expressed its positive opinion about the Soviet Union. Favorable attitude changed with the outbreak of the Cold War. In the 1950s, the magazine was skeptical of both the foreign policy of the Soviet Union and the anti-communist hysteria unleashed by Senator McCarthy. The 1960s marked the end of the war in Vietnam, but the magazine did not spare the criticism of the New Left. In 1974, the magazine was purchased by a Harvard graduate student Martin Peret for $ 380,000. $. Peretz was a former New Left activist who left the party (supported by liberation movements in third world countries, especially Palestine). With the new owner, TNR changed it

Heinz Bollhorst (born February 25, 1922,?) is a Nazi war criminal, report officer at the Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp and SS-Oberscharführer. He ended his education at elementary school and was a blacksmith. Member Waffen-SS. From January 1942, Bollhorst was serving in Mauthausen as a guard, a blockfighter (Blockführer), a report officer (Rapportführer) and a head of the prisoners' committee. He actively participated in executions managed by the camp authorities. He personally committed suicide and tortured prisoners. Bollhorst was tried by the American Military Tribunal in Dachau on September 26 - October 1, 1947. He was sentenced to life imprisonment. Bibliography wiki

Prussia is the central office in Russia since the 15th century which governs the various fields of life in the state, partially fulfilling the functions of today's ministries, albeit much more subordinate to the tsar. Each prikaz had his law office headed by a diocese, who was subjected to 50 subordinates, who dealt with the typical bureaucracy. Significant development took place in the 16th and 17th centuries. In the years 1717-1720 replaced by the colleges under the reforms of Peter I. Types of prikazów There were many kinds of prikazes. The most important ones were: Arsenic Prikaz, Prikaz Ar armenia, Prikaz Pushkin, Prikaz Spraw Kamienne - engaged in supplying armies with weapons, its production and fortifications. The robbery report - supervising the work of starosts, dealing with numerous crimes; Later, the Prikaz Ziemski, the Prikaz Cholopi, the Moscow Prikaz and the Vladimir Priory (the last two were judicial) were also distinguished. wiki

Microwave reactor Microwave Reactor - a microwave emitting device designed to perform chemical reactions. It can be used in research laboratories, in industry and in construction. Microwave energy can greatly accelerate the course of chemical processes. The principle of operation of the microwave reactor is the same as the home microwave oven. Microwave laboratory reactors allow for precise control of the amount of energy supplied to the reaction vessel. The reactor usually contains a variable-speed magnetic stirrer, a temperature sensor, a chimney through which the condenser can be mounted. Microwave reactors are most commonly used to conduct atmospheric pressure reactions. There are also microwave reactors that are designed to handle under reduced / high pressure. wiki

Quiz - a kind of fun, intellectual entertainment for several people, consisting in presenting one of the other subjects in the form of a query so that the correct answer can be deduced from the information provided and the general knowledge provided. The question should be formulated in such a way that the answer is not quite obvious, the fun is de facto discussing the various possibilities and excluding those that do not meet the requirements of the question. Fun is sometimes conducted in front of the television cameras, so this quiz becomes a variation of the game show. Etymology This word first appeared in 1784, in England, and is then a strange person. This term has survived in the English word "quizzical". It was also used in the term "quizzing glass", linked to the British regency. Then it was used in the sense of "mock someone", "mock". It is not known how this word gained today's meaning of the test, but it does not appear in it

Atreus (Greek: Atreus, Atreus, Greek: Atreus) - in Greek mythology, King Myken. Entrance to the tolos of Atreia Both brothers settled in Mycenae, where after the death of the local ruler, Atreius took over. Tiestes seduced the wife of Atreius, which prompted him to take revenge (during the feast he served his brother roast the son of his son, Tantal). Tiestes cursed Atreius and his family, and contributed to the death of Hippodamea and Atreius, who murdered his nephew, Ajgistos (Egist). According to some accounts, Atreus had another son, Plejstenes, with his first wife. Authoritative control (person): wiki

CSB - a suite of computer assisted organic synthesis (CAOS) software for computer-assisted organic synthesis. The package allows you to predict chemical transformation products that can be composed of one, two, three, or four types of molecules. Simulation follows the natural direction of the chemical reaction. The most important features of CSB are multidimensional (four different computer simulations of chemical reactions are implemented: Ugie-Dugundje - using the concept of mathematical model of constitutional chemistry, common sense, similarity and empirical) and learning ability. Depending on the model chosen, CSB can be used to solve a wide range of chemical problems, such as: teaching chemistry in secondary and tertiary education, supporting research projects related to the development of new chemistry and synthesis, ecology (eg simulation of the distribution and directions of plant protection products change in the soil, simulation of changes in various substances occurrin

Mariamme V (1st century) - representative of the hereditary dynasty, Herod's wife from Chalkis. She was the daughter of Joseph III and his wife Olympias, daughter of Herod the Great. The date of her birth is not known. It is assumed that it was born in the first years of the first century. She married her cousin Herod of Chalkis. This marriage was hypothetical at the end of the twenties and first centuries. Herod's child from Chalkis and Mariamme V was Aristobulus III, the king of Armenia Minor. Bibliography wiki

Sumed - Egyptian 320 km long pipeline linking Ajn Suchna port over the Red Sea with the Suez Gulf with Alexandria's Mediterranean port, which is 2.5 million barrels a day. The pipeline is about 115 million. Tons of oil per year is 20% of its consumption in Europe. The name comes from English from the first letters of Suez (Suez) and Medditerraneen, (Mediterranean). The pipeline consists of two 42-inch parallel transmission pipelines, half of which is owned by the Egyptian state-owned EGPC and Saudi Aramco (15%), ADNOC (15%), OGPC (5) %) and three Kuwait companies (5% each). Oil is pumped out of large tankers - which due to their size can not sail through the nearby Suez Canal - in the port of the Suez Gulf, and then send it to the Mediterranean port, where it is pumped to other tankers. wiki

Alice and Bob - aliases for archetypes in areas such as cryptology and physics. These names are used for convenience, as the "Person A wants to send a message to Person B" message may be too difficult to track in complex systems containing multiple levels. Further names start in alphabetical order, helping to clarify purely technical topics. In cryptology and network security, there are many names for discussion and presentation about different protocols. These names are typical, suggestive, sometimes fun and effective as metathecontic variables. In typical implementations of these protocols, it is assumed that the actions assigned to the Alice and Bob characters would not be directly performed by individuals, but rather by automated programs such as the computer program. Character list This list comes mostly from Bruce Schneier's book Cryptography for Practitioners. Alice and Bob are the protagonists in cryptology; Also popular is Eve. Bibliography wiki

Piotr Bogusław Baranowski of the coat of arms of Ostoja - an officer of the husbands of Józef Lubomirski, famous for his active participation in wars with Turkey; leader of the military confederation. He came from the old line of the Ostrow Jerzykowski from Ozorkow. John's grandson, Braclawski's steward, royal captain, honored for special merit and courage in the war against the Cossacks, son of John and Elizabeth of the Młochowski. Braclawski's wife in 1696, married to Renata Mucha. From 1689 the Marshal of the Confederacy of the Unpaid Army (August 23, 1698) was formed under Wiśniowiecki. He actively participated in it, contributing to the expansion of its activity into a large area of ​​Poland. Distractions among the confederates were used by Stanislaw Jabłonowski, leading to the conclusion of an agreement recognizing some of their demands (1697) and solving the relationship itself. At the same time he was charged with accusing the Baranowski of financial abuse, al

The hypothesis of relative income is the theory of consumption proposed in 1949 by the economist James S. Duesenberry in Income, Saving and the Theory of Consumer Behavior. According to it, the size of individual consumption expenditure does not depend on their income but on the standard of living in the environment in which they live. According to the theory of relative income hypothesis, a person tries to live and spend the amount of money equal to that of the average representative of the community in which he lives. Additional literature wiki

Marcelo Tosatti Marcelo Tosatti (born 1983), Brazilian computer scientist; Linux kernel 2.4.x kernel maintainer. He grew up in Curitiba, Brazil and worked for Conectiva for six years. In July 2003 he moved to Porto Alegre, where he started work for Cyclades Corporation. The kernel has been updated since 2.4.16, November 26, 2001, at the age of 18. He raised a lot of controversy, initially with his young age, and then also very rare publication of subsequent editions, even those containing important security patches. July 27, 2006 Tosatti announced that since version 2.4.34, Willy Tarreau will take on the role of protector of the series. wiki

Alfred Obaliński (born November 15, 1843 in Brzeżany, died August 18, 1898) - Polish professor, surgeon physician. Curriculum vitae Born in Brzeżany, he studied at the Faculty of Medicine of the Jagiellonian University. In 1868 he received his doctorate in medicine and in 1870 he became doctor of surgery and ophthalmology. Until 1870 he was an assistant professor Antoni Bryk. In the years 1870-1897 he was the primary (ordained) of St. John's Hospital. Lazarus in Cracow. From 1888 he was a professor at the Jagiellonian University. In 1897 he became head of the Jagiellonian University's Surgical Clinic. He focused mainly on plastic surgery, orthopedics, abdominal surgery, urology, and thyroid surgery. He developed his own method of skin grafting, operated on the birth defects of the skeleton in children. He first developed the use of the Gigli ball for trepanation (1897). Obalinski was the first to draw attention to the symptoms of increased appendicitis in the first ph

Pocket veto - a specific type of presidential veto, occurring in certain situations in the United States and of an absolute nature. As a rule, the president of the United States has 10 days to sign a bill passed to him by Congress. If the president does not take a position at that time, he or she will automatically become law. However, if the Congress closes its session between the transfer of the law to the Head of State and the expiration of 10 days from that fact, the President's veto of such a law becomes absolute (it can not be rejected), since the President has no place to return the bill for reconsideration. it does not work anymore. This phenomenon is commonly referred to as "pocket vet". The congress can not, in accordance with the law, deal with it during the next session. If there is a political will in Parliament then to re-enact the act, the whole legislative process must begin from the beginning. Bibliography wiki

Grylloi (gr.) - Small grotesque and satirical portraits depicting reality in a playful or caricature manner, characteristic of the Greek Hellenistic painting, later appearing in Roman wall painting. Antifilos, a painter working in Alexandria, painted a playful portrait of a Gryllos in a funny costume (hence the name of the whole genre). Soon, the theme of the grylloi has penetrated into the fine genre, for example the bronze statue of the dancing Mahmudian jar (about 130 p.n., now at Musee Alaoui in Tunis). At the end of the 1st century BC grylloi appeared in Roman wall painting. In addition to the anatomical deformities (eg, the Battle of the Pygmies with crocodiles from the Doria Pamphili Column in Rome from about 27 BC to 14 AD, now in the Roman Museo Nazionale Romano), sometimes human figures are equipped with zoomorphic features such as donkey head, pig, dog (as in Pompeian paintings Escape from Troy, now located in the National Museum in Naples. Bibliography n Pompeian pai

Ice skaters dancing on a frozen river Jan Jacob Coenraad Spohler (born 1837, died 1923) is a Dutch painter, son of Jan Jacob Spohl, also a painter. Little is known about his formal education. He was a pupil of Jan Willem Pieneman and practiced painting workshops in Amsterdam, Haarlem and Brussels. Spohler represented the classicist style. The influence of his father is clearly visible in his work, as he painted the landscapes of the Dutch countryside and the urban architecture. In his works, especially miniatures, you can see a lot of detail. Bibliography wiki

Gustaw Leyding (born March 3, 1865, died September 19, 1948) is a Polish folk activist in Masuria. He lived in Labuszewo. He was a co-founder of the Mazurian People's Party until 1907 in the party's governing body. In 1910 (together with Bogumił Labusz) founded the People's Bank with its seat in Szczytno. He was the co-founder of the first Polish Agricultural Club in Labuszwo. He actively participated in activities aimed at joining Mazur to Poland (1918-1920). In 1920 he was a member of the Polish-German Plebiscite Commission. Since 1923 he cooperated with the Mazury Union (the founding meeting was held at the house of Bogumil Labusz junior in Labuszewo). From the list of that party in 1924 he ran for the Reichs parliament and the Prussian Parliament. He was arrested by the Nazi authorities in September 1939 and sent to a concentration camp and later to a prison in Konigsberg. From 1940 he was under police supervision at home. wiki

The flag of the Wietrzychowice Commune is a rectangular panel of 5: 8 proportions divided into 5: 1: 1: 1: 1 bands; in blue: blue, white, blue (blue), white and blue (blue). On the white stripes, a shallow rooted tree with six boughs in the yellow pole is placed near the tree. It is an emblem of the coat of arms project of the municipality of Wietrzychowice. Justification of colors: blue is a Marian color, and one of the colors of the Leliwite - Wodzicki, who were longtime owners of villages in the municipality. The blue color is also the color of the sky, truth, loyalty, fidelity, constancy and air. Gold (yellow) symbolizes divine majesty, as well as the king - as anointed God, revelation of the Holy Spirit and nobility. Most of the area of ​​the municipality occupy arable land, where the most expensive product of this land - cereals. Cereals of the summer are the only ones that ripen in the summer. Silver (white) is a symbol of cleanliness, honesty, peace and water, among others.

Wardrobe with patch panels Patch panel or patch panel, patch panel - passive component of computer and telecommunications networks. It is mounted in racks and consists of a series (usually 12, 16, 24 or 48) 8P8C sockets. It is the end of structured cabling. At the back, the wires leading to the 8P8C sockets in the building are permanently connected to it. On the front with patch cords, these connectors (and hence the devices on the other end of the cable) are connected to network devices. This is an important part of the structural network. Using patch panels makes it easy to manage your network architecture. wiki

Actio de effusis vel deiectis - in Roman law an action for damage caused by throwing or pouring out of a building. In case of damage caused by pouring out or throwing something out of the window of the building, the person who occupied the room (habitator), due to the difficulty of encountering the real perpetrator, responded - under the lex Aquilia. The claim could have been for the double value of the damage (duplum) if it was material (actio mixta). The amount of compensation awarded in the case of injury to a free man depended on the judgment of the judge (actio bona fidei). For the killing of a free man, a penalty of 50000 sestercans was imposed, which could be claimed by every actio popularis within a year. Bibliography wiki

<8338> Ralhan - Asteroid belt asteroid, the asteroid circling the Sun in 3 years and 142 days in the mean distance of 2.26 AU. It was discovered March 27, 1985 in Brorfelde by the Copenhagen Observatory. The name of the asteroid comes from Philip Ralhana Bidstrup (born 1979), a Danish physicist who received his Ph.D. in Copenhagen in 2008 based on a study of small space craft observations and observations. The name was suggested by A. C. Andersen. Prior to naming, the asteroid was given a temporary designation (8338) 1985 FE3. wiki

Supplementary procedure - one of the categories of additional proceedings. In Poland it is regulated by art. 420 Criminal Procedure Code 1997. If the judgment does not provide for a confiscation decision, the count of the temporary detention, detention or preventive measures listed in Art. 276 (suspension of the accused in official duties or in the pursuit of a profession or order to refrain from certain activities or from pursuing a particular type of vehicle) or evidence in kind, the court shall order that decision at the meeting. Bibliography wiki

Statute of the Capital City - also called "the Constitution of Warsaw" - the most important resolution of the Capital City of Warsaw, specifying the provisions of local self-government law and the Warsaw system. The statute for its validity needs approval (in the law referred to as the "agreement") by the President of the Council of Ministers. The statute was passed on January 10, 2008, after several months of work by the statutory commission headed by Lech Jaworski. The statute provides for a significant decentralization of Warsaw in the sense of one city, but based on 18 self-governing districts. wiki

Reverberation camera - an electronic device used to produce an artificial echo. This name is a bit misleading because the generated effect is not a reverb simulation. The first reverberations consisted of a looped magnetic tape, deleting, writing and reading heads, as well as the drive mechanism. The signal was recorded on the tape by the recording head, then played back by a set of readout heads with adjustable spacing, and finally erased by the erasing head. An example of such a camera is the Polish Sochor K84. wiki

Wilhelm Kaupp (born 1905, died November 12, 1948) is a Nazi criminal, member of the concentration camp Mauthausen-Gusen and SS-Rottenführer. Before the Second World War he worked as a painter and farmer. Then he served in the Luftwaffe Nazi, from where he was transferred to the SS and on September 1, 1944 assigned to the staff of the Gusen camp. Kaupp served there as a guard and head of the prisoner committee until April 8, 1945. He had the conscience of many of the prisoners he murdered for even the smallest reasons. Wilhelm Kaupp was tried in the nineteenth process of the Mauthausen-Gusen crew in front of the American Military Tribunal in Dachau. He was sentenced to death for hanging. Judgment was made on 12 November 1948 in Landsberg prison. Bibliography wiki

Stratonika of Cappadocia - the wife of the Perlagan rulers of the Attalid dynasty: Eumenes II and Attalos II. She was the daughter of the Cappadocian Aristarchus IV of Eusebesa Filopatora. Initially she became the wife of the king (basileus) of Eumenes II, with whom she had a son Attalos (later Attalos III). However, some sources point out that Attalus was the son of Eumenes II of the illegitimate bed, adopted only by the childless Stratonica. When in 172 p.n.e. After hearing the death of Eumenes after his assassination at Delphi, his brother Attalos (later Attalus II) assumed a royal dynasty, married his brother, or Stratonica, but when he explained it without hesitation turned his throne and wife. Stratonika was the wife of Eumenes until his death. After Eumenes, the brother of the deceased Attalos II entered the throne. The new ruler married Stratonica and adopted her son. The relationship between Stratonica and her (adopted) son Attalos III was good enough to the point that A

Reaction cortex - a process called. Slow block against polyspermia, the main purpose of which is to protect the resulting zygote against the penetration of other spermatozoa. Egg-sperm mating with the sperm leads to a combination of cortical grains placed in the cytoplasm of the ovum with its cell membrane which results in the release of their contents between the cell membrane and the yolk sac. Cereal grains contain a mixture of enzymes which include: tyrosine peroxidase and numerous proteases, which aim to prevent the penetration of other sperm into the cytoplasm of the fertilized egg. In addition, bubbles contain hyaline, which is a glycoprotein that has many functions in the further development of the body. In addition, the presence of mucopolysaccharides under the yolk casing increases the osmotic potential of this area, which results in the absorption of water and the formation of the so- fertilization sleeve. The cortical response is induced by the release of calcium ions from

Contacts - a regional weekly published in the Podlaskie Voivodship, parts of Mazovia, New York, Chicago and Toronto. The journal has been published since 1980, and its headquarters are at Al. Legionów 7 in Łomża. The editor-in-chief is Władysław Tocki, who is also the co-owner of the "Contacts" Publishing House, which publishes a weekly. Weekly is also the organizer of numerous sports events, among others. the annual Podlasie Microboard Championship and the 5th Paralympic European Championship. wiki

Parysowska, Parysów - a jurydyka founded by the starost of Czerskiego Andrzej Parys and canon of Krakow's Adam Parys in the sixteenth century, liquidated at the end of the eighteenth century. Currently its area is located in the Śródmieście district of Warsaw, partly on the border with Wolski Powązki. Jurydyka covered the area between the streets Miła and Muranowska, the central point of which was a triangular square, later called Parysowskiego Square on the extension of the street Stawki. The Parysowska street was laid out in 1893. Paris Square was the place of the fair until the Second World War together with the entire region in the 19th century, inhabited mostly by poor Jews. This area was in the ghetto and was destroyed. Street Parysowska was liquidated in 1961 at the reconstruction connected with the design of the street Marchlewskiego, today Al. John Paul II. Paris Square was located between the corner of today's Hotel Maria (here was the outlet of Parysowskiej) and

A heterogeneous mixture - in which the individual components, although mixed, are located in separate areas that can be distinguished on a microscopic scale, eg a mixture of sugar and sand. We say heterogeneous mixtures when different components of some mixtures can be identified by the naked eye or by using a microscope. Their examples are different rocks found in nature (eg granite), as well as mixtures of sugar and sand, no matter how thoroughly mixed it. Milk that looks like pure substance is a heterogeneous mixture: one can see single fat beads under the microscope. Bibliography wiki

Antanas Julijonas Gravrogkas, author. Antoni Julijan Gravrogc (May 18, 1880 in Szadowo, died April 1, 1958 in Kaunas) - Lithuanian mechanic engineer, social and political activist, mayor of Kaunas (1932-33). He came from a noble family. He studied in Telsia at the beginning of his studies, later attended high school in Mitawa (1892-93) and Shawlach, who graduated in 1899. From 1900 he studied mathematics in Petersburg and later studied at the Petersberg Institute of Technology (1903-10), where he became involved in Lithuanian Social Democracy. After graduation he worked at the factory in Yekaterinoslav and later (1916-19) in Smolensk. In 1920 he returned to Lithuania, taking up work on the railway. From 1922 he worked as a lecturer at the University of Lithuania, after his dissolution in 1950 he taught at the Kaunas Polytechnic Institute. He was socially and politically active: for a long time he was the vice president of "Šaulių sąjunga". From 1932 to 1933 he was the

Cetelem Bank - a bank belonging to the Cetelem Group - a 50-year-old consumer credit company, part of BNP Paribas, the largest bank on the European continent. Cetelem Bank (Cetelem, BNP Paribas) was the second largest publisher in terms of the number of credit cards issued on the Polish market and one of the key players in the consumer credit market. Cetelem Bank has been operating in the Polish market since 1998. It managed a portfolio of 2 million clients, offering them innovative credit solutions. He was the only bank in Poland offering full online credit. December 31, 2009 Cetelem Bank and Sygma Bank Branch in Poland have been merged. Since then Sygma Bank Branch in Poland has taken over all rights and obligations of Cetelem Bank wiki

Yūsuke Kobori (Japanese: 小 堀 佑 介, Kobori Yūsuke, born July 24, 1979 in Yotsukaidō) is a Japanese boxer, former world champion WBA lightweight champion (up to 135 pounds). He started his professional career in February 2000. Two of his only failures were in the early stages of his career. On May 19, 2008, in his 26th round, he defeated José Alfaro's technical knockout in the third round and received his WBA World Championship title. The championship belt was lost in the next fight on January 3, 2009, losing to points with Paulus Moses of Namibia. It was his last fight in the career. wiki

Pre MBA, postgraduate studies preparatory to the Master of Business Administration, Pre MBA - usually one-year, extramural postgraduate studies. In Poland, it is becoming more and more common to create pre-MBA postgraduate programs using EU funds, mainly ESF. Similarly to the course of study at the MBA level, practical training is of great importance. The study program is usually related to the subject of MBA studies. Examples of Pre MBA studies in Poland: Examples of Pre MBA studies in the world: wiki

Via Egnatia built by Cnaeus Egnatius Egnatia (gens Egnatia, Egnatia) - Roman breed (gens) of Samnicki origin. At least some of its members settled in Teanum. Probably at the end of the war with allies, most of them moved to Rome - it is known that two were admitted to the Senate [Cic. Pro Cluent. 48]. It appears, however, that one of the branches of the family remained in Teanum - Cicero in one of the letters to Attica [ad Att. VI lists Egnatius Sidicinus. We know the following cognomins: Celer, Maximus, Rupus and Veratius. It is possible that Ignen and Ignacy are the nomen gentilic names A person named Egnatius A person named Egnatia Bibliography wiki

Herb Forestry The herb is presented in a white (silver) coat of arms green trunk of a deciduous tree, from which grow two branches with green leaves. The black bird is sitting on the trunk. The symbolism of the coat of arms refers to the origins of the Gozdnica, which was established at the end of the 13th century as a woodcut settlement. The oldest preserved urban coat of arms of 1633 depicts a woodcutter with an ax on the shoulder. Another, from 1800, already contains the same elements as the present coat, however, with a slightly simplified drawing. The pre-war coat from around 1930 was the basis for developing the currently used pattern. Bibliography wiki

Large number of robots solving one task Swarm robotics - a concept where there is a robotic swarm of robots that are able to solve a problem together, for example by using a prototype algorithm. While each robot can operate independently, a whole group of robots can be perceived as one large distributed processing system. Single jobs can, for example, give each other information. An example of the application may be the search and transfer of a large object. Robots are looking for an object, each going in their direction. When one finds an object, it informs the other robots that they are heading for the robot that sent the signal. Then the whole group moves the item to the designated place. Bibliography wiki

Petrus Johannes Waardenburg (born 3 June 1886 in Nijeveen, died 1979) is a Dutch ophthalmologist and geneticist. He studied medicine at the University of Utrecht, and then specialized in ophthalmology and doctoral studies from hereditary pathology and pathology. He was also interested in genetic diseases of the eye, and he also dealt with the genetics of twins (he was the father of two twins). In 1932 he suggested that Down syndrome could be caused by a chromosomal abnormality, a fact confirmed only 27 years later by Lejeune et al. Authoritative control (person): wiki

Rozalia Narloch (born February 9, 1892 - May 2, 1961) is a poet and Kashubian activist from Karsina. Also called Konopnicka Kaszub. In addition to his writing activities, he was involved in the activities of the Catholic People's Society, an organization aimed at shaping family, social and civic life in harmony with religious morality. Works in the church choir and co-organized the performances of amateur theater. She organized exhibitions of Kashubian embroidery. During World War II she cooperated with the Secret Military Organization "Gryf Pomorski". He is a patron of the Gymnasium in Karsin. She was also famous for being able to invent poetry at the moment. wiki