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Bunker on the grounds of the polygon Lager Kruszyna - training camp of the German army during World War II, in the forest near Kruszyna in the municipality of Jedlińsk. This camp was part of a large German polygon called Heeresgutsbezirk Truppenübungsplatz Mitte Radom. In the Soviet POW camp, the following units were created: Georgian Infantry Battalions: 795 - 8 July 1942, 796 - 12 September 1942, 797 - 21 November 1942, 798 - 10 December 1942, 799 - 16 December 1942, 822 - In June 1943, 823 - 26 June 1943, 824 - 27 August 1943. In addition, the German 948th Grenadier Regiment - November 25, 1943. He trained here and supplemented the losses of the 638th Infantry Regiment (French LVF). (November 1942 to August 1944). A camp built by the Jewish people in the years 1940-1942. The number of Jewish prisoners is about 1800 people. December 16, 1942 Jews finish work in Kruszyna. On December 17, 1942, German troops decided to deport prisoners to the extermination camp. This information ca...

Ludwik Gabriel Trynkowski, crypt. L. Tr. (March 24, 1805 in Plenipotencies, District of Armenians, March 24, 1849 in Irkutsk) - Polish Catholic priest, religious writer. He has published several articles on philosophical topics ("Scientific Sense", 1841, No 3); He analyzed the attitude of German idealism to Catholic doctrine, demanding the creation of Polish Christian philosophy. Bibliography Authoritative control (person): wiki

Segregation of one of the basic ecological processes by the fact that species belonging to different species occupy a separate, separated space within a given community, thus isolating themselves from other individuals in this space. In sociology, the segregation process involves occupying separate areas, most often with regard to urban space, by communities belonging to different cultures, so that they can retain their identity. Natural segregation can contribute to the formation of ghettos. It is also possible to segregate by the political situation where some communities are isolated from others by law, eg racial segregation in schools. In genetics - the separation of chromosomes in the resulting gametes, so that from each pair of homologous chromosomes in the diploid cell a haploid gamete receives only one chromosome. The result of this phenomenon is the segregation of genes (the free separation of genes belonging to different chromosomes). wiki

Bogdan Olteanu (born December 29, 1971 in Bucharest) is a Romanian lawyer and politician, Chairman of the Chamber of Deputies, 2006-2008 Vice President of the National Bank of Romania. Curriculum vitae In 1997, he completed his law studies at the University of Bucharest. In the same year he worked in government administration as an advisor in the industry and trade department. In 1998 he started his own law practice and was also a consultant to RATMIL. In 1991 he joined the National Liberal Party. From 1993 to 1996 he served as general secretary of the Liberal Student Organization. In 2004 and in 2008 elected to the Chamber of Deputies. From December 2004 to March 2006 he was the Delegated Minister of the Government of Călina Popescu-Tăriceanu responsible for contacts with the Parliament. Then, until December 2008, he was president of the lower house of the Romanian Parliament. In October 2009 appointed deputy chairman of the Romanian central bank. Consequently, he submitted a p...

Meesa bands (Aldrich-Mees' bands) - white bands within the fingertips of the fingers and toes. Their incidence may be attributed to arsenic or thallium poisoning, heart failure, pelagic failure, renal failure, sickle cell anemia. They move closer to the end of the nail plate as it grows. The Dutch physician R.A. Mees in 1914, the same anomaly was described by Englishman E.S. Reynolds in 1901 and American C.J. Aldrich in 1904. See terms related to medical terms and related wikipedia. wiki

Admire Juanita Enrique Keller - a Spanish company producing guitars, pianos, accordions and other musical instruments and accessories, founded in 1944 by German Enrique Keller Fritsch. In 1962 the company began producing brass instruments. The headquarters of Enrique Keller S.A is in Zarautz (Spain). For the production of guitars mainly uses wood such as saplings, Oregon pine, mongoose, African mahogany Examples of classical guitars: Juanita, Alba, Diana, Sevilla, Soledad, Malaga, Rosario. Bibliography wiki

Space 14 - Soviet satellite technology Omega; the first Soviet experimental meteorological satellite. The satellite tested the satellite orientation system using an electric gyroscope (production of the VNIIEM plant), a system of electrically accelerated gyros, braked with electromagnets and interacting with the Earth's magnetic field to provide triaxial stabilization. Initially it was thought that the satellite was used for geophysical research. It was only 4.5 years after the launch that the satellite was conducting research into the stabilization and orientation of spacecraft for meteorological satellites. He also experimented with solar cells. The results of these tests, including the cosmic satellite 23, were used in Cosmic 122 and other satellites of the Meteor program. The ship maintained communication with the Earth via the Mayak radio, operating at 20 MHz. Bibliography wiki

Deliler - a madman in the Ottoman Empire, a formation of light infantry divisions held at the border with Christian countries, serving as a front guard during the war. The formation consisted of volunteers aged 20-25, distinguished by courage. Their patron was the second caliph of Umar. They were armed with a curved machete (scimitar), shield, spear and mace or sticks. They were dressed in animal skins. leopard, bears, lions or hounds, and donate feathered feathers according to their own rules. "What will I get?" The Deliler were mainly from Rumelia, from the Turks, Bosnians, Croats or other Slavic peoples living there. They served primarily in frontier troops. They had the reputation of being fearless and ruthless. According to legend, they practiced striking the marble with bare hands. Bibliography wiki

The "Polish Kawaleria Association" was registered on November 10, 1998 in the District Court in Poznań. Regular members and supporters of the association have been the long-time organizers of the annual cavalry party, known as the Ulaan days, referring to the 15th Lancastrian Regiment. At present, members of the organization are lovers of cavalry traditions from almost the whole country, as well as from abroad. Polish Cavalry Club is a patriotic, voluntary, non-political, self-governing and permanent non-profit association of individuals dedicated to cultivating and continuing the tradition of cavalry and Polish rugby, including the formation of a volunteer cavalry unit, formed and displayed for important state and national ceremonies. under the name of "Honorowy Szwadron Cavalerii III RP". Apart from the above, the main objective of the Club's activity is to support the Ministry of National Defense in the training and preparation of pre-baptized and conscri...

Henryk Stanisław Choryngiewicz (born 11 November 1940 in Chelmec) - Polish politician, economist, Member of Parliament for the second term of office. He graduated from the Zootechnical Department of the Agricultural University in Lublin (1975) and the Department of Cooperative and Banking at the Cracow University of Economics (1988). He was a member of the Sejm II term elected from the list of the Polish Peasant Party in the Chełm district. He was a member of the Committee on Transport, Communications, Commerce and Services, and the Committee on Communications with Poles Abroad. He became a member of the board of Bank Spółdzielczy in Krasnystaw. In the local elections in 2006 and 2010, he was unsuccessful for the mandate of the councilor of the Krasnoyarsk district from the PSL list. Bibliography wiki

Prussian physicists Fusiliers - Infantry soldiers armed with rockets, called fusions or flints (from French fusil or flint). In the 18th century they replaced musketeers. Fusilers appeared together with rocket weapons at the end of the 17th century (the first in the history of the physiological regiment was established in 1671 during the reign of Louis XIV - they were so called physalisers), but only in the eighteenth century branches of the former musketeers were massively renamed to the appropriate physiological units. However, the name of the musketeers was long and could be found even in the nineteenth century. In addition to the flint of the physicists, they also had choppers with a length of 60 cm to 75 cm. The officers, scabbard, sword or spear of 90-100 cm length and rocket gun. In the second half of the eighteenth century the name of the physiognomes was received in light infantry in Prussia, which was organized into independent battalions. From the end of the 18th centu...

Center for French Action (CRAF) - French monarchist movement since 1993. The Center was founded in 1993. It originated from the post-war political group Restauration Nationale. The RN split division under the leadership of Hilaire de Crémiers won the court's right to use the name Restauration Nationale, so the former activists had to accept a new one. At the head of the Center stood to his death in November 2007. Pierre Pujo, son of Maurice Pujo, one of the main Action Française activists. The organization is based on its tradition, and especially on the doctrine of integral nationalism, created by Charles Mauras. In favor of the restaurant of the monarchy in France and against the European Union, occupying sovereign positions. For this reason, he actively participates in organizations such as l'Alliance pour la Souveraineté de la France or L'Entente souverainiste. It publishes the magazine "Action Française 2000", a student magazine "Insurrection...

European Petroleum Survey Group or EPSG (1986 - 2005) was a research organization related to the European fuel industry, consisting of geodetic, survey and cartographic specialists in oil exploration. EPSG has developed the EPSG Geodetic Parameter Set, a database that provides information about parameters that define the Earth's shape, elispositions, geographic coordinate systems, cartographic maps, units of measurement, etc. EPSG's tasks were taken over in 2005 by the newly formed International Association of Oil and Gas Producers (OGP). wiki

Column - A natural person used by criminals during business fraud. The pole has full legal capacity, but because of its low level of intelligence or other factors that limit its ability to perceive, such as alcoholism, severe illness or advanced age, it is with its consent, in the meaning of law, the founder, trader or president. a criminal activity company. The post is the dean of a given organization, de facto the organization is managed by a gray eminence or a person trying to remain anonymous. As a pill, homeless people, alcoholic or drug addicts are often used to donate their IDs and sign any document for a small amount. Poles are not only exposed to legal liability but also to the threat of losing their lives. When big money is involved, criminals have no qualms about "missing" and "fatal" incidents of people they do not trust and no one is looking for and who could tell the police and prosecutors details about their employers. > The pillars were u...

Fragment of prints by Hans Staden Hans von Staden (born 1525 in Homberg (Efze), died 1579 in Wolfhagen or in Korbach) - German soldier and traveler. In 1548 he participated in a commercial expedition to a brasil tree to Pernambuco on a Portuguese ship. He arrived at the time of the Indian uprising and participated in the defense of the city of Olinda, which was the seat of Durate Coelho, the captain. After repelling the attacks, the crew turned to a nearby port for cargo. They came across a French merchant ship that attacked. The short battle ended in failure, the French fled, they alone after 108 days, and in 1548 they returned to Portugal. In 1549 Hans von Staden enlisted in the Spanish service and as a royal soldier sailed to Rio de la Plata. Near São Vicente in Brazil, the ship fell into a storm and crashed. Staden rescued and, after arriving in the city as artilleryman, became commander of the fort, and then, under Governor Tomé de Sousa, he was appointed commander of the for...

Pre-Classical Economics - a term in economics that defines views of economics from the antiquity to the mid-eighteenth century, when economics gained the status of science, and Adam Smith's work was referred to as classical economics. Pre-Classical Economics covers the views of Greek and Greek philosophers and ethics: Xenophon, Plato, Aristotle, Cicero, medieval canonists: Thomas Aquinas, Nicolas of Oresme, utopian philosophers, among others. Tomas Morus and the makers of the Mercantilist period and physiocrats, represented by François Quesnay. Economic life was presented by the creators of pre-class economics from the point of view of ethics and morality. Their views were normative and included assessments of the functioning of the economy and of the individual's conduct. wiki

Blind Spot Information System BLIS is a blind spot information system in a vehicle. This system - thanks to the lights placed next to the mirrors - warns the driver of another vehicle that is in the so-called. "dead box". Works with cameras located in the side mirrors. The system is activated when the driver exceeds 10 km / h. The BLIS system was developed by the Swedish company Volvo in 2001 as part of the Volvo Safety Concept Car (SCC) program and was first used in the S80 passenger car. Its task is to capture - invisible by the driver - objects in the dead zone. Digital camera in the mirror The components of the system are: The BLIS field of view is 9.5 m long and 3 m wide. The system works both night and day. Captures cars passing at a speed of 20 km / h to 70 km / h greater than a moving vehicle. Bibliography wiki

Voivodeship Road No. 656 (DW656) - Voivodship road in the Warmińsko-Mazurskie voivodship with the length of 39 km, linking Staświna and Ełk villages. Villages located along the route DW656 w and protons) and with the flow of these charges (electric current). In physics, electricity includes electrostatics, electrodynamics and electricity. You can distinguish natural electricity, such as atmospheric and electricity related to the technology. Currently, electricity is associated primarily with electrical power installations. Bibliography Authoritative control (physical phenomenon): wiki

Ret, upper stratus sandstone - stratigraphic stratigraphic unit of the Triassic established in Poland outside the Carpathians and Germany (outside the Alps) based on lithostratigraphic criteria. It is the tallest part of sandstone, aged at the end of the early Triassic. It lies below the shell limestone. Ret in relation to the lower parts of mottle sandstone are characterized by a much greater proportion of limestone and dolomite, which upward share is dominant. In addition, there are numerous shoals of reddish sandstone and mudstone and clay. There are lenses and even deposits (in Germany) of gypsum and anhydrite. Retu formations were formed during the gradual transgression of the sea, in the environment of the coastal plain, temporarily flooded by minor sea level rise, and in certain periods exposed. This is a sebhy environment. In these works there are quite numerous, though not varied sea fauna, mainly snails, mussels and rare ammonites. There are also many clues of extinct amp...

Business Data Catalog - a service that allows you to use data from external sources in pages created on Microsoft Office SharePoint Server. The main goal of the service is to provide a layer of communication between business applications such as Siebel Systems, SAP ERP, CRM and other data sources with Office Sharepoint Server. Details BDC is available only in Microsoft Office SharePoint Server and is supported by a number of different components Official Microsoft Site for BDC wiki

Johannes Georg von der Marwitz (born July 7, 1856 in Slupsk, October 27, 1929 in Unichów) was a Prussian general, commander of the German army during World War I. Early military career Marwitz joined the army in 1875. In the years 1883-1886 he studied at the military academy. It was only in 1900 that he became the commander of the cavalry regiment and then became head of the 18th Corps. Before World War I he was the main inspector of the German cavalry. During the First World War Marwitz was posted to the western front in 1914 and participated in the Battle of Haelen. After this battle, he was transferred to the eastern front to assume command of the newly formed XXXVIII Corps reserve. He took part in the Second Battle of the Mazurian lakes in the early winter of 1915. Moved south with the Austro-Hungarian armies to fight the Russians, he was awarded the Pour le Mérite on 7 March 1915. After receiving the award in 1915, Marwitz served on the Western Front as commander of the Six...

Marian Mozgawa (born March 15, 1923) is a Colonel, Director General of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs 1981-1983, Commander of Militia Civic Affairs in Radom in 1975, Deputy Commander of the Ministry of the Interior of the SB in Lublin in 1967 and Deputy Lublin's Commander in Chief of the SB in 1966. He was also an employee of the KW PZPR in Lublin in 1961, Head of the II WUdsBP Division in Lublin in 1955, Head of the First Division of the Provincial Public Security Office in Lublin and head of the Poviat Public Security Office in Łuków in 1953. He was the head of PUBP in Tomaszów Lubelski in 1950 and an officer of PUBP in Krasnik and WUBP in Lublin 1944-1950. As the head of the PUBP in Tomaszów Lubelski, he fought with the troops of Jan Leonowicz's anti-communist underground "Burty" and "Mogilki". Long-standing member of the Council for the Protection of Monuments of Struggle and Martyrdom, and in 1988-1990 a member of the Council for the Protection of ...

Sirdar or sardar is a broad, alpine guide that directs all shovels during a climbing expedition or group tours. Usually sirdar is the most experienced guide. His duties include: A typical sirdar career begins as a porter, a kitchen assistant, then as an auxiliary guide, and finally as a sirdar. Snipers are usually no longer porters, although it may happen when you have to carry a client's backpack, for example with problems with altitude sickness. The famous sirdar was Tenzing Norgay. wiki

Cyclodextrins are carbohydrates from the dextrins group. The most prevalent α-, β- and γ-cyclodextrin consist of 6.7 or 8 glucose units, respectively, linked by α-1,4-acetal bonds, which together form a cyclic structure. Also known as larger cyclodextrins, up to 39 units of glucose. Cyclodextrins are produced relatively easily from ordinary starch as a result of its controlled enzymatic hydrolysis using cyclogluconase (CGTase). Cyclodestrins are readily soluble in water and form a toroidal solution. Because all the glucopyranose units in the cyclodextrin ring are present in the chair conformation, all primary hydroxyl groups are on one side of the ring, and secondary on the other side of the ring. The particle takes the shape of a truncated cone (toroid), whose broader edge defines secondary OH groups and narrower primary OH groups. The free electron pairs are directed towards the interior of the molecule and, therefore, the interior of the toroid has hydrophobic (water-repellent...

Piotr Maliszewski (born May 19, 1960 in Lidzbark Warminski) was a Polish opposition activist during the Polish People's Republic, one of the organizers of the Gdansk Shipyard strike in August 1980. In the initial period of the strike he and Lech Walesa negotiated with the head of the plant. shipbuilders' demands. Arrested after the outbreak of martial law. In the years 1989-1990 he was in exile in Austria. He became honorary chairman of Solidarity 80. Piotr Maliszewski was recognized by Anna Walentynowicz as one of the most important figures of the strike in 1980. wiki

Megius Roma Volley; M. Roma Volley - Roman volleyball club, participating in the Serie B1 men's competition. For the top-flight event, the team advanced in 2006 when it redeemed itself from Premier Hotels Crema. In the 2008/2009 season, the team did not play in Serie A because it was withdrawn by club president Massimo Mezzarom. Since the 2010/11 season, the team has re-emerged at the highest level of play. On June 14, 2012, the club's president announced that it would not be possible to raise sponsors for the 2012/13 season, so the club will be in Serie B1. Successes CEV Cup: wiki

Great Desert of Victoria (red color) Great Victoria Desert is a sandy desert in the south-east of Western Australia and northwestern Australia, bordering the north with the Gibson Desert. Its area is 424 thousand. km², and the annual rainfall is 200-250 mm. It is a barren, dry and sparsely populated region in the south of Australia. Widely over 700 km from west to east and separated from the Great Australian Plain by the Nullarbor Lowlands. Summer temperatures range from +32 to +40 ° C. In winter they range from +18 to +23 ° C. It is inhabited by many different groups of Australian aborigines, ie, Kogara and Mirning. In 1875, Ernest Giles, the first European, went through the desert. He also named the desert of the then British Queen Victoria. wiki

Fissile sensory disturbances - with the touch sensation, the feeling of vibration and the proprioceptive sensation. Changes in the lower part of the bridge, spinal cord, and upper spinal cord may cause cleft palpitation of the pain and temperature within the face. Loss of core-horn sensation while retaining the back cord also occurs in the middle of the core. The split nature of the sensory disturbances between pain and temperature modalities and the modality of touch, the distinction between two touch points, vibration and proprioception occurs in: Bibliography See terms related to medical terms and related wikipedia. wiki

Graziano Bini (born 7 January 1955 in San Daniele Po) is an Italian football player and defender. Bini started his career in Internazionale in 1971. For 14 years to 1985 he played 233 games and scored 7 goals. For seven years (1978-1985) he was captain of Inter. In 1985, he changed his club to CFC Genoa, where he played 28 games and did not score goals until 1988. He has twice played in the colors of the Italian national team until the age of 21 and five times in the 23 years old. However, he has never played in the main national team. wiki

Eugene Grasset Eugène Grasset (born May 25, 1841 in Lausanne, France, October 23, 1917) is a Swiss artist based in Secession. He studied in Zurich, in 1871 he settled in Paris. In his work he inspired oriental and medieval patterns, created his own drawing style with a linear and plane shape. He designed posters, stained glass, letters, metalwork, decorative fabrics, jewelry and furniture. He was also the author of a number of prints. Bibliography Authoritative control (person): wiki

Wakuom (vacuome) - A historical term for cytology that represents the whole of the vacuolar cell system, which was also included in Golgi's apparatus. The term was introduced by M. Parat in 1924 when discussing the meaning and function of Golgi's apparatus. Parat and some cytologists in the twenties of the twentieth century considered the Golgi apparatus an artifact created in the vacuole. The hallmark of the wakuolar system (wakuomu) was the ability to live dying with indifferent red. It is now known that the endoplasmic vacuoles and the Golgi apparatus are morphologically and functionally different cellular organelles. Golgi's study of the wakuom and Golgi apparatus was conducted in Poland. Kazimierz Sembrat, later professor of the University of Lviv and Wroclaw University, in his early work (the 1930s), who, contrary to the prevailing view, stated that the synthesis of a deutoplasmic substance takes place within the mitochondria, which was later confirmed by electron ...

European Commission of the Danube - an international commission established under the Treaty of Paris of 1856. Due to its extremely broad competence, it was called "river state". Initially, it was to operate only for two years, until the completion of the necessary work to make the lower Danube navy. The activities of the Commission were extended by the Powers until World War II. This allowed us to influence the Danube countries. Bibliography Remigiusz Bierzanek, Janusz Symonides, International Public Law, Warsaw 2001 wiki

Rainbow Elemental, or almost anything you would like to know about gays and lesbians, published by Robert Biedron in 2007, addressing issues related to LGBT, written in the "question-answer" convention. The questions were asked by different people, and the author chose the most frequent and most interesting ones. According to the author, it is currently the only such publication on the Polish market. The proposal of Biedronia to add a book to the list of supplementary reading in Polish high schools caused turbulent comments of politicians. The book is divided into sections dealing with the everyday issues faced by LGBT people: basic knowledge (explains concepts such as coming out), family and friends, everyday life, education, sexuality, legal conditions and political situation of homosexuals. , the history of homosexuals in Poland. The title of the book refers to the rainbow flag, which is a symbol of sexual minorities. In May 2009, the handwriting książka została w...

Czeslaw Nalborski (born 22 February 1910 in Grajewo, died 28 October 1992 in Ełk) - an officer of the Home Army. "Boar" and the Gray Shrike. Since 1924, member of the Scouting II Men's Scouting Team. Tadeusz Kosciuszko in Grajewo. He fought in the 1939 defensive war in the ranks of the Suwalski Cavalry Brigade. He was taken prisoner from which he escaped in 1939. From 1942 a member of the Home Army, head of intelligence to the south of East Prussia. An organizer and active participant in the liquidation of the Nazi death squad known as the "Death Specter", performing mass executions on Russian prisoners, Italian prisoners and Polish prisoners from the camp in Boguszów near Prostki. Thanks to the action carried out on October 31, 1943, 300 prisoners from the camp in Boguszów were taken to be liquidated. The execution of mass executions on the prisoners and prisoners of the camp in Boguszach was suspended. He also conducted sabotage-diversion operations in East...

Gesta Romanorum (Roman History) - a great collection of parables and morals, the work of an anonymous author, probably an English Franciscan, founded around the year 1330 and intended for preachers and with some knowledge of the theology of the monks. The name "Roman history" is derived from the fact that almost every story begins with the formula that the thing took place during the life of one or other Roman emperor, with the appearance of the emperor's real names. The collection includes (depending on the issue) 200-300 stories, which - in addition to the pseudohistory pre-formulation - end with a comment that explains their meaning, and is called an ordinary lecture (Latin moralisatio or applicatio). Tales are of very different origins. They also differ in terms of artistic value. They include many of the works circulating throughout Europe in the Middle Ages, both from Greek and Roman mythology, as well as from fairy tales and humor, Buddhist parabolas and lite...

Carl Emmerich Aleksander, Baron Reviczky von Revisnye (born 1737, 1793) - Austrian diplomat, Austrian ambassador in Warsaw (until 1779), ambassador in Berlin in 1782-1786 London, Hungary. In 1772, the king of Czartoryski tried to establish himself in contact with the court in Vienna and to obtain it for the interests of the family and the country. The Diet of 1773-1775 called for the approval of the territory of the Commonwealth during the First Partition of the Commonwealth was convened on April 19, 1773, at the earlier request of the Russian Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, Otto Magnus von Stackelberg, Prussian deputy Gédéon Benoît and Karl Reviczky. / p> With the plenipotentiaries of King Stanislaus Augustus and the Commonwealth, he concluded three treaties on the Partitions (18 September 1773), commercial (16th of March 1775) and containing various arrangements determining the location of the people on the lands surrendered (16 March 1775). After the partitioning party, ...

(Kommando) - a basic unit in the organization of work in German concentration camps, consisting of several, several dozen or even several hundred prisoners, headed by a kapo functionary prisoner. Komanda originated from the organization of the first transports that built the camp from scratch (they built barracks, dug diggers, etc.). In the system of deadly exhaustion, getting to a particular commando was a matter of life or death. The most difficult teams were employed in physical work outside. In the winter they collected the largest number of victims. In some perspective life was not greater than 2-3 weeks. For the lightest, long-term experience, such as work in the kitchen, in the camp orchestra, in the administration or work in sorting various types of property after gassed in Canada. The outlaws working outside the camp gave the prisoners the opportunity to "organize" additional food rations, illegal tools, medicines (often with the help of the surrounding popul...

The defense doctrine of the Republic of Poland, adopted by the National Defense Committee on 21 February 1990, is a state document aimed at outlining the new defense policy of Poland in the light of the Central European transition in 1989. This was the first postwar open trial of the declaration and declaration. public element of the national defense strategy. The document is a follow-up to the secret document "The Nuclear Weapons of the Polish People's Republic", the last edition of which was adopted in 1987. At the time of passing, it was obsolete. Its main assumption was Poland's participation in the Warsaw Pact, which already existed only on paper. "The doctrine ..." clearly indicates that in the event of a conflict Poland does not feel obliged to support the Warsaw Pact. The doctrine introduced the principle of socialization of the state's defense policy by assuming that public opinion must be taken into account in defining state defense policy. ...

Elżbieta Zechenter-Spławińska (born July 17, 1935 in Cracow) - poet, translator, prose writer, doctor of humanities. Curriculum vitae She was born and lives in Cracow. A daughter of a poet, satirist and journalist, co-founder of Cracow's "Dziennik Polski", Witold Zechenter, granddaughter of journalist Cracow's "Czasu" Edmund Zechenter. A graduate of Polish Philology at the Jagiellonian University. She received her PhD at the Pedagogical Academy in Cracow. She published several poetry collections. Author of texts for children and stories. Her lyrics are sung by Wawele Jan Wojdak's ensemble and Cabaret Artists under the Barns and Loch Camelot. In 1996, the Book of the Month was awarded the Krakow Book of the Month for the book "The Blind Hat" (Baran and Suszczyński Publishing House). She guest-starred in poetry workshops at the Literary and Artistic Study at the Jagiellonian University in Cracow. It belongs to the Association of Polish Wri...

Quality home House of Quality - a method of gathering, analyzing and specification of user requirements, as part of the project management process. Named for the characteristic look of the analytical matrix. It was first used in 1972 in Japan, at the Mitsubishi shipyard in Kobe. The purpose of QFD is to translate the needs and expectations of consumers into the characteristics of a product or service. Increasing pressures to reduce design costs and shorten lead times have led to the need to create a method that will translate the customer's conscious and unconscious customer demands into technical parameters while taking into account the technological capabilities, the relevance of the individual features, and the links between them. The QFD method has become a response to this need. Attributes: wiki

Wojciech Stanislaw Gabriel (August 16, 1919 in Olganow - January 12, 2005 in Warsaw), professor of agricultural sciences. In 1948 he graduated from the Warsaw School of Economics. In the years 1939-1952 he worked as an assistant at the Plant Breeding Station A. Janasz and S-ka in Dańków, then he was the manager of the seed company in Kutno and the director of the Breeding Branch Bukka Cukrowego A. Janasz and S-ka. Since 1953 he worked at the Potato Institute of the Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation in Warsaw. He co-founded the Potato Institute in Bonin and in 1966-1972 he was its first director, then (until 1989) head of the Department of Viral Diseases and Seed Production. At the same time he obtained further degrees and academic titles - doctorate (1960), habilitation (1965), specialization (1974), professorship (1979). He retired in 1989. He was a member of the Polish Biometric Society, the Polish Phytopathological Society, the European Association of Potato Resea...

Krakow School of Criticism - literary seminar conducted by Professor Kazimierz Wyka at the Faculty of Polish Studies of the Jagiellonian University in the 50s. The seminar anticipated the so- Scientific outlook derived from the dominant at that time. Marxist theory of literature. However, Wyka kept his disciples out of the doctrines and simplifications of the new method. They focused on the campaign against "idealism", "formalism" and "psychology" in literary research and in critique, where after the youthful period there was a lot of muddiness hidden under the decorations of a seductive style. Wykiewicz and his disciples, using Marxist inspiration in literary research, were more inclined towards historical rather than formal approaches to sociology than to psychology. Kazimierz Wyki's method was syncretistic. The leading representatives of the Krakow school of criticism were Jan Błoński, Ludwik Flaszen, Andrzej Kijowski, Konstanty Puzyna. wiki...

Daly's ecological natural resources index, also known as the index of sustainable economic welfare (ISEW), is a non-monetary measure of social wellbeing that takes into account both the management of mineral resources and the intergenerational social justice. The following are taken into consideration: average consumption, distribution of goods and environmental degradation. Calculating ISEW It is a gauge based on natural indicators and therefore can not take into account such elements of welfare as eg population savings because they are based on monetary measures. Bibliography wiki

Raggruppamento Frecce Rosse (Red Arrow Group) - Collaborative armed formation of an Italian army composed of Indians, Arabs and Africans during the Second World War. From May to July 1942, an armed formation was formed under the name Raggruppamento Centri Militari, consisting mainly of British Army prisoners of war originating in Arab countries, India and northern and eastern Africa. They were Hindus, Arabs, Sudanese, Tunisians. The officers and the non-commissioned officers were Italian. The formation consisted of three subdivisions: It was about 1.2 thousand. including about 400 Hindus and about 200 Arabs. Colonel Massimo Invrea de Stato headed it. Subsequently, a small number of Tunisians and Indians were sent to Italy to complete their parachute training in Tarquinia. In August 1942, the formation was renamed Raggruppamento Frecce Rosse. After the defeat of the German-Italian forces at El Alamein at the turn of October and November 1942, the Indians and Arabs lost motivation t...

Strč prst skrz krk [str̩ʧ pr̩st skr̩s kr̩k] listen to this language break in the Czech and Slovak languages. This is grammatically correct, though an artificially constructed sentence, meaning "put your finger through the throat". The difficulty in its pronunciation for many foreigners lies in the total lack of vowels - their role is replaced by r-generation. This sentence is often referred to when learning Czech and Slovak for foreigners. Since in Czech and Slovak the consonants r and l are often syllabic, they can be used in many other languages ​​without vowels, eg Czech. Smrž pln skvrn zvlhl z mlh. = "Smardz all in stain (smear full of stains) dampened from the mists." wiki

Neapolitan sumps, in. Bars - Money due to the Commonwealth due to the acquisition of Philip II by the Spanish, based on the false testament of Queen Bona of 1557, the principality of Bari and Rossano. The Habsburgs were also supposed to pay Bonuses 10% of the revenue from the customs chamber in Foggia, as repayment of the loan taken to her in 1556. The loan amounted to about 430 thousand. ducats in gold. These sums were never given in full by the Spanish side, and after the death of Bona (1557), the rights to the Neapolitan sums fell to Zygmunt II August and his sisters. King Sigismund August the right to claim was written in the will of the Republic. For their return, the Commonwealth ran almost unsuccessfully until 1674. Some of them were negotiated with the help of Cardinal Cardinal, who had been in Rome since 1575. Stanisław Hozjusz, the Queen of Poland Anna Jagiellonka (returned by the Habsburgs in 8-10%). About 387 thousand remain. golden ducats. In 2012, the MEP of the Pali...

Flame simulated by the molecular system Molecular effects - simulations of complex phenomena (such as snow or rain, smoke, dust, flame), in which the main object is a large group of virtual particles, treated as point objects. Molecules usually have a limited time of existence, interact with the environment, ie they bounce off obstacles, they also suffer from external forces (eg gravity or wind). Waterfall Depending on the desired effect, they are represented in the image by small objects - single pixels, lines, sprites, etc .; Their appearance and color may also depend on the current speed, distance from the observer and other simulation parameters such as life time. wiki

Wolfgang Schlögl (2007) Sofa Surfers is an Austrian band that plays music as a mix of experimental music such as rock, electronic, trip-hop, dub and acid-jazz. Their debut song from the album Transit (1997) is called "Sofa Rockers." Group composition Many people collaborated on the album "Encounters (2002)". Sensational, Oddateee, Jeb Loy Nicols, DJ Collage, Lil Desmond Levy, Junior Delgado, Dawn Lee, Mark Stewart and MC Santana. The last album of Sofa Surfers was voiced by Mani Obey. discography wiki

"Pleasant and Beneficial Fun" - a weekly published in Warsaw in the years 1770-1777 by Michał Gröll; the first Polish literary magazine, since 1771 unofficial organ of the Thursday dinners. "Pleasant and Beneficial Fun" had a significant impact on the revival of the literary life of the Enlightenment in Poland, the development of new literature, the dissemination of knowledge of the writers of the time. The writers were associated with the most eminent writers and poets of the epoch, among others. Adam Naruszewicz, Ignacy Krasicki, Franciszek Dionizy Kniaźnin, Franciszek Zabłocki, Tomasz Kajetan Węgierski. Naruszewicz and Albertrandi were the leaders. The writing was related to King Stanislaw August Poniatowski and he often supported his policy and praised the king as a patron of art and literature. Songs written in "Pleasant and Beneficial Fun" were often political. In the years 1804-1806, Cyprian Godebski and Ksawery Kossecki again began to play ...

Kazimierz Kaznowski Kazimierz Kaznowski (born 22 September 1876, died 31 January 1943) is a naturalist, researcher of the Świętokrzyskie flora, educator (teacher in Kielce secondary schools), an activist of the Polish Society for Country Studies; Lucjan Kaznowski's brother. From 1923 to 1924 he was a co-worker of the Physiographic Board of the Polish Academy of Arts. In the years 1924-1929 he and Edmund Massalski conducted research on the Świętokrzyskie Mountains ordered by the Polish Academy of Arts. One of the streets in Kielce was named after Kazimierz Kaznowski. wiki

Filip Jaślar, Busko-Zdrój, 4 July 2011 Filip Jaślar (born August 29, 1972 in Warsaw) is a Polish violinist, member of the MoCarta Group. Curriculum vitae Graduate of the Academy of Music. Fryderyk Chopin University in Warsaw. He cooperated with the Chopin Academy Orchestra under the direction of Jan Stanienda and the Baroque Concerto Avenna. Every Wednesday at 7.48 in the program III of the Polish Radio conducts a program of entertainment snippets. He has a wife, Aneta, with whom she has two children - Kacper and Maria. He is the son of Krzysztof Jaślar from the Tey cabaret. wiki

Janusz "Jan" Jarzembowski (born November 29, 1933 in Poznań, died June 14, 1961 in Poznan) - Polish athlete, sprinter, Olympian. He was one of the leading sprinters of the 1950s in Poland. First and foremost, he was a perfect runner in the 4 × 100 meter relay, where he was a six-time record holder of Poland between 1955 and 1958 (the best score was 40.0 seconds). He twice competed in the Olympic Games. In Melbourne (1956) he reached the quarter-finals of the 100m race, dropped out in the 200m runner-up, and in the 4 × 100m relay he finished 6th in the finals (along with Marian Foik, Edward Szmidt and Zenon Baranowski). In Rome (1960) he only competed in the 4 × 100 m relay, which was disqualified for crossing the zone of change. He was a three-time Polish champion at the stadium: at 200 m in 1960 and in the relay 4 × 100 m in 1954 and 1955 (CWKS Warszawa team). He played in 24 matches of the Polish national team, scoring 16 wins in a 4 × 100 m relay. Life records: H...

Guido Calogero (born 4 December 1904 in Rome, died in 1986 in Rome) is an Italian philosopher and historian of philosophy. In 1931-1934 Calogero was a professor of philosophy at the University of Florence, in the years 1934-1942 of the University of Pisa. In 1942 he was arrested for anti-fascist activity. From 1948 to 1950 he was a professor at the University of Montreal, 1950-1955, director of the Italian Institute of Culture in London, 1951-1974 professor in Rome. In Rome he founded the "La Cultura" magazine in 1963, where he was editor-in-chief. Calogero is the leading representative of the leftist of the current, influential group of Italian philosophers, who, while referring to the idealism of the current Giovanni Gentile, is, however, trying to break away from the links of this philosophical direction to fascism, while leaning toward the left. Calogero himself is the so-called theorist. and his philosophical convictions make up the "philosophy of dialogue...

This committee has collected all current civil law principles, mainly expressed in the pretentious edicts. After giving this edict, called perpetual, officials lost the right to innovate. This edict, called Edictum Salvianum, became the code of the old law, in contrast to the ius novum, whose source was the emperor. Only he had the right to interpret and supplement the Edict. The official replies in these cases, that is, the judgments were given by the members of the consilium principis, the lawyers whom the emperor had given the ius respondendi. Sam Julian was from Hadrumetun (now Susa in Tunisia). Before he became a pretender, he served as a Quaestor and a tribune of the people during the reign of Emperor Hadrian. Approx. 138 was pretended and then probably from 141 to 147 prefect (praefectus aerarii Saturni item Militaris). In 148 he became a consul. Approx. 151 was appointed the German Inferior, and then the Spanish Citerior (ca. 161 - 164). Approx. 167 became the proconsul o...

Rudolf Buchheim Rudolf Buchheim (born 1 March 1820 in Bautzen, died 25 December 1879 in Gießen) is a German pharmacologist. In 1845 he received his doctorate at the University of Leipzig and soon afterwards became a professor at the University of Dorpaty. At this university he founded the first department of pharmacology. In 1867 he became professor of pharmacology and toxicology at the University of Gießen. Buchheim was a pioneer in experimental pharmacology. He is attributed to transforming pharmacology from empirical medical practice into a strictly scientific field. He introduced biological experience as a research method and developed a methodology for quantifying and treating the chemical properties. During his studies in Leipzig Buchheim he translated into German pharmacology manual Jonathan Pereira. He did his updating and improvement by adding one chapter. His famous pupil was Oswald Schmiedeberg, who also laid the foundations for modern pharmacology. At the Univers...

Data Protection Officer (sometimes also referred to as Data Protection Officer) - a person appointed by any institution or body of the European Union to ensure the application of Regulation No 45/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 December 2000 on the protection of persons in the context of the processing of personal data by the Community institutions and bodies and on the free movement of such data. In addition, he advises data administrators on their compliance with their data protection obligations. She is independent in the performance of her duties. For specific tasks of the inspector: The Data Protection Officer may be appointed for a term of 2 to 5 years. It is possible to re-elect the same person as an inspector with the proviso that he or she can not serve for more than 10 years. Any institution or body that appoints an inspector (or inspectors) shall report it to the register maintained by the European Data Protection Supervisor. wiki

The ruble affair - a foreign exchange transaction conducted in 1990 by Polish nomenclature companies and detected by NIK. The procedure consisted of concluding fictitious contracts with Russian companies for supplies for which the Polish party paid in transfer rubles. These payments were then exchanged for gold by the Polish banks. Due to the fact that the transfer ruble was a virtual currency that ceased to apply after January 1, 1991, these payments actually charged the Polish budget with amounts estimated at $ 400 million until the settlement of mutual debt for operations between Poland and the former USSR. As a result of the agreement concluded in 1994, reciprocal compensation in transfer rubles, USD, clearing dollars and Soviet rubles created prior to January 1, 1991 was subject to mutual reparation - 7 billion rubles and US $ 336 million of USSR liabilities were offset by Poland's commitments in the amount of PLN 4.7 billion and $ 2 billion in transfer rubles. wiki

The limits of unbelief - the book of philosopher and logic by Jan Woleński, published by Wydawnictwo Literackie in 2004. In November 2004, the book was awarded the "Krakow Book of the Month" award. Contents The pretext for establishing the boundaries of unbelief was to a large extent the Archbishop of Życiński's thesis contained in his Faithful Belief published by Wydawnictwo Literackie in 2003. The fundamental problem posed by Woleński is the possibility of dialogue between believers and non-believers. One source of conflict is, for example, understanding the notion of justifying arguments by both parties; Believers invoke here the supernaturality of religion and the Church as a necessary condition for understanding their arguments, while the unbelievers "betray" their principles by accepting this kind of sine qua non. Woleński also analyzes the activity of the Church as a social institution, which is in conflict between the postulate of unity and monolith...

Wanda Helena Łążyńska ps. "Boża Wola" (born April 5, 1908 in Kiev, died 29 August 1944 in Warsaw) - captain of the Polish Army, doctor, participant of the Warsaw Uprising. Before the outbreak of war, she was an assistant professor. Jan Kossakowski at the Children's Hospital in Warsaw at the surgical ward. In the Warsaw Uprising she served as a physician of the Hospital of the Elisabeth Sisters at ul. Goszczyńskiego (Mokotów District of Warsaw AK). She died on the 29th day of the Warsaw Uprising during the transfer of wounded - hospital patients to the shelter, during the bombing of Warsaw by German aviation. She was awarded the Order of Virtuti Militari by command of the AK Commander No. 512 of 2 X 1944. No cross of 12802. wiki

Consdaple - German clothing brand, associated with the neo-Nazi scene. Its name has been chosen in such a way that it contains a sequence of NSDAP letters. Clothes are branded with jackets or shirts so that only those 5 letters are visible. The Consdaple logo is very similar to the Lonsdale logo, which for the same reason (the sequence of letters of the NSDA) fell to the people with neo-Nazi views. Lonsdale did not want to be associated with neo-Nazi movements, and in 2003 he launched the anti-racist campaign "Lonsdale loves all colors". This was one of the main reasons for creating a Consdaple. The word Consdaple is like an English constable, meaning a policeman. Some of the products of this company are eagle-like. Reichsadler (see picture), which was used in the Third Reich. Franz Glasauer, a longtime Republican and NPD activist, is the founder of Consdaple. wiki

Cappadocian Fathers - Definition of early Christian theologians, Fathers of the Church, coming from Cappadocia. The Cappadocian fathers include St. Gregory of Nyssa, St. Gregory of Nazianzus, an Orthodox tradition called "theologian", and St. Basil. Their teaching was a continuation of the school of Origen, who found defenders in them, who, knowing the merits and extremes of the master, even though sometimes disagreed with him, kept his spirit. In the writings of the Cappadocian Fathers one can find the subject of original sin. They continued the principal lines of Marianism of the great Athanasius on the constant virginity of Mary of Nazareth, her title of Theotokos, and her purification and sanctification in the Incarnation of the Word. Bibliography wiki

Racka Scorpio sheep, raccoon - a breed of sheep. It was mainly cultivated in Hungary, but its breeding areas included neighboring countries such as Romania, where it was called "Tucerna". Originally it was found in the steppes and grasslands. This sheep was used three times - delivered meat, milk and wool. In the past, the Hungarians were expecting their livestock and their ability to find their own pastures. This sheep fulfilled all the aforementioned conditions and quickly gained popularity in Hungary. Characteristics wiki

The 22q13.3 deletion syndrome (22q13 deletion syndrome, Phelan-McDermida syndrome, deletion 22q13.3 syndrome, deletion 22q13 syndrome, Phelan-McDermid syndrome) is a chromosomal microprotein malformation syndrome consisting of a long chromosome 22 fragment, The phenotype consists of: The syndrome is common in men and in women, cases of mesocystis and pure deletions (lack of 22q13.3 in all chromosomes of the body). Due to the difficulty of diagnosis and lack of specific diagnosis criteria, the number of childbirth cases with this syndrome is underestimated. Typical dysmorphic features that may suggest diagnosis are long eyelashes, large or irregularly shaped ear lobes, relatively large hands, dysplastic foot nails, dolichocephalus, full cheeks, rounded nose and sharpened chin. Behavior is recognized as autistic. An elevated pain threshold was reported. Loss of 22q13.3 results from simple deletion, translocation, ring chromosome formation, rarely other abnormalities within this locus, ...

Center for Dialogue or Center du Dialogue - a Polish-American cultural center run by the Pallottines in Paris. In the foreground from left: Jerzy Giedroyc, Zofia Hertzowa, Czeslaw Milosz, Danuta Szumska (profile) - The Center of Dialogu oo.Pallotynów in Paris at Surcouf Street. End of June 1975. Fig. A.T.Kijowski The Pallotine priests in Paris, under the banner of the Center du Dialogue, founded in 1973, Adam Zagajewski, wrote: "On Surcouf Street, Pallottine priests have created something extraordinary: the model of the Polish open church. We are different, but it was not easy. [...] This success was the merit of Fr Zenon Modzelewski. " Spiritus movens this center was Fr. Józef Sadzik. Bibliography wiki

Champion of the bride serving in the Continental Navy. Committed by Captain James Josiah, he sailed the Delaware River in the Pennsylvania State Navy during the American Revolution. In this effort, he tried to hinder British efforts to establish maritime communications with his Philadelphia units in the autumn of 1777. After several months of struggling in difficult conditions, American ships attempted to cross Philadelphia. The ships of the Pennsylvania state were underway, but the continental fleets, including the "Champion", were burned down by their own officers on November 21, 1777, when the tides and winds changed direction and prevented the task. Bibliography wiki

Hussar's henchman from 1429 Colonnades - In the Middle Ages soldiers were equipped with transom. They played an important role in the Hussite army. From the middle of the 15th century in the Polish army. On average, 20% of pedestrians took part in the Polish rodeo, which included the protection of the crosses. Since the end of the 15th century their numbers in the Polish infantry gradually decreased. In the first half of the 16th century, replaced by pedestrians. Bibliography wiki

Sorry, are they stingy? - a novel by Katarzyna Turaj-Kalińska for children and youth from 2004, published by the publishing house Skrzat. The novel was awarded in the national competition "Believe in the Power of Imagination" in 2002. In 2005, it was broadcasted in Polish Radio Bis. Description of the plot The narrator of this book is Wojtek - a boy who wants to have a cat, but unfortunately his grandmother does not allow him. Mom would let him do it, but he's in the US to make money. Wojtek finally meets Miss Natalia and her daughter Veronica, who tell him about the many cats they once had or have. wiki

Blood type card identifier, pot. a document confirming medical care for the victims of the accident and health care workers in Poland for whom this information is necessary. It is the only document, next to the blood donor honor card, on the basis of which blood transfusions can be made without the time consuming laboratory blood grouping. Having an ID card is optional, and your issue is paid. In the Blood Donation and Blood Donation Centers, you can order a donation card for free after twice the donation of blood. See terms related to medical terms and related wikipedia. wiki

Agada - one of the eight disciplines shared by traditional learning by the Indus. Agada treats the best antidote to poisons (toxicology). Agadatantra is the study of traditional Indian toxicology. Practitioners of this tantra say they are able to cope with various food poisoning, snake bites, dog bites or insect bites. The textbook of this school of toxicology is Kaśapapasanhita attributed to Kaśapapa (Vriddhakaśjapa) of Taksila. But this is another book than Kaśapapasanhita on pediatrics. This text is not available, but to this text can be found in many comments. Other texts written by Alambayan, Ushan, Saunak, or Latyayana still exist. However, with the exception of the various to these texts, the original texts are now unreachable. The traditional practice of toxicology is still practiced by various Vaisali families, including the so-called. "Poison poisons" who considered themselves to be toxicologists. In fact, their knowledge is limited (especially when compar...

Eumelos or Eumelajos - a semi-literary Greek poet, probably from Corinth, the author of the poem "Prosodion", the processional anthem of the Mossanese independence of Delos. A small fragment of this work survived in the works of Pausanias. Eumelos was also the author of several epic works specific to the area of ​​Corinthian-Syrian culture, particularly Corinthiaca, an epic describing the ancient Corinth. Epos Corinthiaca is missing and is known today only from the message of Pausanias. The Eposses of Europe, Bougonia, Tytanomachia, and the Return of Troy (from the unsurpassed cycle of Nostoi) were also attributed (though not proven) to Eumelos by many later ancient writers. The life of Eumelos is, according to tradition, dated from 760 to 720 BC. According to historian Martin West, the Epic Prosodion was created in the 7th or 6 th centuries BC, so later than tradition and later than Eusebius of Caesarea. Bibliography Authoritative control (person): wiki

Musée des Blindés, Musée Général Estienne - is one of the largest armored museums in the world, having the largest collection of armored vehicles. It is located in the Loire Valley in the town of Saumur, in the department of Maine and Loire in France. The current name of the museum refers to French General Jean-Baptiste Eugène Estienne. The collection includes more than 880 vehicles, of which around 200 are still operational and are participating in the annual Carrousel parade. In spite of the museum's relocation in 1993, about 25% of exhibits from the museum's collection are in larger expositions. Saumur was a traditional training center for French cavalry, and it was also the idea of ​​a museum organization. Today, the Saumur cavalry museum is a separate museum facility. The collections are French Schneider CA1, St Chamond, AMC 35, AMR 33 and ARL 44, as well as numerous experimental designs. wiki

Laryngofissure - a vertical laryngeal cleft that allows access to the inside of the larynx. This is the stage in partial laryngectomy with external access. The technique consists of cutting a special small disc of circular cartilage. This is so de facto thyreotomy. The first was performed by American surgeon Gurdon Buck in 1851. In elderly people, laryngofisuria can cause minor difficulties due to the sclerosis of the larynx cartilage. At the end of laryngeal surgery, the larynx is closed with special absorbable sutures. Literature Lower laryngeal carcinoma by G. Janczewski, E. Osuch-Wójcikiewicz. ed. α-medica press 2002, Bielsko-Biała. ISBN 83-88778-34-X See terms related to medical terms and related wikipedia. wiki

Rin Tin News on Frozen River (1929) Rin Tin Tin (born 12 August 1918 in Fleury, August 8, 1932) is a German Shepherd, one of the first and most famous dogs in film. Rin Tin Tin was born as one of five puppies in a German abandoned front shelter in Fleury, northern France, shortly before his arrival in the United States. It was taken care of by American Corporal Lee Duncan. He also gave the dog a name from the chorus of the popular French song at the time, and took him to Los Angeles where he liked the film's producers. The dog first appeared in the silent film Man from Hell's River in 1922, a year later he was hired by Warner Bros. Records. In total, Rin Tin Tin starred in about 25 films and two series (The Lone Defender (1930) and Lightning Warrior (1931)). In 1931 he ceased to perform, a year later he fell suddenly playing with his owner. Rin Tin Tin was buried in the Cimetière des Chiens cemetery in Paris. Selected filmography Bibliography Authoritative control (Germ...

Bacterial Bacteria - a thin layer visible in a light microscope surrounding the cell wall of a bacterial cell. This layer is well organized and not easily permeable. It is usually made of polysaccharides, but it can also be made up of other materials - for example, the anthrax capsule is made up of glutamic acid. Collars help protect against phagocytosis. They contain water that protects the bacteria from drying out. They also close access to bacteriophages and most hydrophobic toxic materials such as detergents. wiki

Tzuf Synagogue in Jerusalem, called the West (Hebrew: בית הכנסת צוף דבש) - Sephardic synagogue located in the Jewish Quarter of the Old City of Jerusalem, at Plugat HaKotel 15. The synagogue was built in 1860. The reason was a split in the community of Sephardic Jerusalem, which was made by Jews from the Maghreb countries. The synagogue was named in honor of Rabbi David ben Shimon (acronym D-b-Sz from Hebrew דבש), who came to Israel from Morocco in 1854. There was also a Talmud School and a nursing home. During the First Israeli-Arab War in 1948, the synagogue building was located in no man's land between the Jordanian and Israeli posts. The building was plundered. In 1980 the synagogue was reopened. There is also a yeshiva in the building. wiki

Hugh Walpole Sir Hugh Seymour Walpole (born 13 March 1884, Auckland, 1 January 1941, London) is an English novelist and literary critic. He was born in New Zealand. He studied in England. He became a writer and worked as a teacher. In 1909 he published his first novel The Wooden Horse. Fortitude of 1913 was a great success. During the First World War he worked in Russia for the Red Cross. His impressions were recorded in The Dark Forest (1916) and The Secret City (1919). Walpole lived in Brackenburn Lodge. Here he wrote the most famous works, including The Herries Chronicles (Rogue Herries (1930), Judith Paris (1931), The Fortress (1932) and Vanessa (1933)). His books were very popular and financially successful. Mr Perrin and Mr Traill (1911) and Jeremy Trilogy, Gothic Horror (1925) and The Killer & The Slain (1942)) are the literary works of the writer. He also wrote biographies - Joseph Conrad (1916) by James Branch Cabell (1920) and Anthony Trollpe (1928). He also wrote p...

Tony Wilson Tony Wilson, actually Anthony Howard Wilson, known as Mr.. Manchester (born 20 February 1950 in Salford, England, 10 August 2007) is a British journalist, music impresario and radio host and host of a television show. He graduated from Cambridge University where he studied English literature and journalism. He ran the record label Factory Records and owned the Hacienda Club. Wilson has made history as an explorer and promoter of British music bands (Joy Division, Oasis, New Order, Happy Mondays, The Stone Roses and The Smiths). Wilson's contribution to the development of British entertainment music in the 1980s and 1990s introduced Michael Winterbottom's 24 Hour Party People. Tony Wilson died in Manchester on August 10, 2007. The cause of death was a heart attack caused by complications of kidney cancer. Authoritative control (person): wiki

Avant que l'ombre ... - Mylène Farmer's sixth studio album released April 4, 2005 in France. In Poland the album was released on April 18, 2005. Produced by Laurent Boutonnat. In France, the album sold over 800,000 copies. Items Z tego albumu pochodzi 5 singli: "Fuck them all", "Q.I", "Give me back", "Love is nothing ..." i "Maybe you". Track list musicians Teksty: Mylène Farmer Muzyka: Laurent Boutonnat, oprócz "Love is nothing ..." Muzyka: Mylène Farmer & amp; Laurent Boutonnat wiki

Still life with a jug Natan Szpigel (born 1886 in Lodz, died 1942 in Treblinka) - Polish painter and drawer of Jewish origin. He was a member of the Silver Car Association and the Lodz Start. He studied in Lodz, then in 1923-1925 in Dresden and Paris. Spirits' creativity was in the circle of the expressionist tradition, associated with the group "Jung Idysz" and the Poznan "Bunt". In the first works, social issues (eg, exploited or misery) and religious were predominant. Later he painted portraits, landscapes and still lifes. He used to use watercolor. During World War II he stayed in the Lodz ghetto where he made many drawings depicting the slave labor of the Jews, misery and hunger. These works have survived and are now in the collection of the Museum of the Jewish Historical Institute. wiki

Payroll licensing - one of the employment policy instruments to exert influence on the workforce. The main purpose of wage subsidies and employment is to maintain or increase its current level in private enterprises. Such actions take place at the time of strong inflationary pressures, where opportunities for job creation by stimulating global demand are limited. There is a selective impact on employment by subsidizing part of the wage costs of private companies. Payroll payments can take the following forms: The amount of subsidy depends on: The advantage of using such solutions in the process of stimulating demand is that they do not cause inflationary pressures. This tool makes the workforce less expensive for the employer. Bibliography wiki

Battle of the Vistula - a battle in January 1341 between Polish troops and rebels of Russian rebels supported by Tartars. On April 7, 1340, the Prince Halicko-Volyn died of poisoning by the boyars, Boleslaw Jerzy Trojdenowicz. After his death, he left his duchy in the fall of Kazimierz the Great. The Polish king acted swiftly, and nine days after Trojdenowicz's death, he undertook an expedition to Russia. However, Tatars with whom a part of the Russian boyars opposed the incorporation of Ruthenian territories into the crown also joined the struggle for the Halice-Volyn Duchy. Kazimierz, in 1340, twice went armed to Rus. The second one encountered strong resistance. Russian tycoons called on the help of the Tartars. Tatyana and Ruthenian meals led by the leader of the boyish opposition opposition Dmitri Detko invaded the Polish lands. The battle with the king of Poland took place in January 1341 on the Vistula River. Polish knights did not allow the invaders to cross the river, a...

Stefania Bojda, de domo Golec (born 1938 in Cieszyn) is a Polish pedagogue, painter and social activist. Biography Stefania Bojda was born in Cieszyn in 1938. She is a graduate of the Cieszyn Pedagogical College and the Teachers' Training School. She also completed art studies at Silesian University (Cieszyn branch). Since 1992 the painter has led the band "Cieszyńskie Plastusie". Together with his brother Józef Golc, she wrote and published a three-volume biographical dictionary of Cieszyn land, for which in 2005 she was honored with the. Fr.. Leopold Jan Szersznik. Bibliography Authoritative control (person): wiki

Complaints against bailiff acts - acts as a means of protecting the interests of the parties in the enforcement proceedings and the correct course of the execution. It will be used for all bailiff actions if the legal proceeding does not provide for another remedy, including failure to act or to refuse to do so. It is filed with the court where the bailiff is located. If the bailiff has been selected outside the general jurisdiction, the court will determine the suit, which would be appropriate according to the general rules. It can be filed by a litigant or other person whose rights have been compromised or threatened. A complaint is filed with the court within one week of the date on which the party or person whose law has been infringed or threatened by the bailiff has been present or has been notified of it, in other cases - to perform the action of the party or person whose right has been violated or threatened by the bailiff's action or, in the absence of notification,...

Baseball pocket billiards - a game of billiards on the English table. It was created before 1912, when it was described by Brunswick in the brochure "the most fascinating game of the twentieth century". The game uses 21 numbered balls (though you can use 15). Number 9 is called "thrower". It is set before breaking in the middle of the triangle. The game is declared. When the balls are over, they are re-positioned on the table (without losing the queue). The game ends after nine turns (for each player). The number of points equivalent to the number of balls in the ball is obtained. The player with the most points wins. Bibliography wiki

AirSnort - an open source tool for decrypting WEP keys on 802.11b wireless networks. The program uses the GTK + library. There is also a version of the program under Windows. Scott Fluhrer, Itsik Mantin and Adi Szamir (one of the inventors of the RSA encryption algorithm) have published a paper entitled Weaknesses in the Key Scheduling Algorithm of RC4. Blake Hegerle and Jeremy Bruestle have written a tool that collects five to ten million encrypted packets from an access point on a wireless network and then tries to recover the network key from them. Depending on the environment, AirSnort may only take a few minutes, or in most cases, several hours, and in extreme cases up to several days. The software has not been developed since 2005 - the authors recommend using Aircrack-ng. wiki

Breakfast of Champions, or Goodbye Blue Monday, a novel by Kurt Vonnegut published in New York in 1973 by Delacorte Press. The book is set in the United States in the fictional city of Midland City, and is the story of two "lonely, thin, aging white men on a fast-dying planet." On the first pages, the author begins to criticize the American approach to life, Western lies and false pride. summary The lonely, underestimated, aging American writer SF Kilgore Trout (in some translations of The Killers Trout) gets an invitation to an art festival to take place in Midland City. He treats it as another joke or mistake, but decides to set off. Trout, working as a fitter of aluminum windows, takes modest savings and travels through the United States, wishing his arrival and speech to compromise the entire festival. On the way is attacked by unknown perpetrators and robbed from all cash, so that most of the trip takes place by hitchhiking. On the way through the windows of cars...

Evolutionary teaching is a proposal for a specific approach to issues related to learning and teaching. It involves the identification, description and practical use of both biological and cultural evolution mechanisms. The assumption here is that the general mechanism of evolutionary change is similar at every level where there are objects capable of reproducing independently. In the process of cultural transmission (teaching and upbringing) it is a selective communication of information. The direction of changes in cultural resources, however, depends not only on the quality of the information itself, but on the quality of the environment in which it is transmitted (as well as the changes in the frequency of occurrence of genes in the population, depending on the characteristics of the environment in which the organisms live). This approach, first of all, draws attention to the fact that gene-cultural co-evolution (the cultural transmission grows from the biological characteristics ...

Shadows of the Polish People's Republic - a publicity show broadcast on TVP1 from February to July 2008. The lead and co-author of each episode is Bronislaw Wildstein. The originators of the cycle are Witold Gadowski and Katarzyna Hejke. The authors of the episodes are, among others. Barbara Pajchert, Miłosz Horodyski, Ewa Losinska, Maciej Chłopicki, Maciej Korkuć, Jarosław Szarek, Henryk Głębocki. From June 2008 the program is also broadcast on TVP Historia. The program is an attempt to explain and understand the times of the Polish People's Republic and, above all, to present unfamiliar facts on the basis of documents from the archives of the Institute of National Remembrance. In each program there are invited guests, often participants of historical events. The facilitator tries to answer the question of how in the various spheres of social life there are still remnants of communist Poland. One of the inspirations for the creation of the cycle was the book The Long Shadow...

Carol Hanisch (born 1942) is an American feminist human rights activist. In the 1960s and 1970s, she was a member of the Radical Women of New York and Women's Liberation of Gainsville, Florida. In 1969 she wrote an essay titled "The Personal is Political". Hanisch has argued that the most personal situations, as far as they are understood in depth, reveal the ways in which women can incapacitate women in society. She showed that "personal" leads to fundamental political issues. is political "- used for the first time by Hanisch - was accepted and became the basic premise of radical feminism. wiki

Konstanty Jozef Mojzych (born March 11, 1903 in Radzyń Podlaski, died June 9, 1984 in Warsaw) - General of the Polish Army Brigade. In 1925 he graduated from the School of Sappers in Modlin. Until 1927 he was serving in the 2nd Cannons' Regiment in Puławy. Appointed to the rank of lieutenant in the reserve of engineers and engineers with seniority since January 1, 1932 with the mobilization assignment to the 6th Bombarded Battalion in Brest on the Bug - in PKU Warsaw. Participant of the 1939 defense war. Since 1944 he was serving in the Quartermaster's Service of the Polish People's Army. On April 19, 1951, as a lieutenant colonel, he became the head of the Department of Finance of the Ministry of Defense and held that office until 1961. From 22 July 1955 he was appointed to the rank of brigadier general. In 1961 he was transferred to the reserve. He died in 1984. He was buried in the Wawrzyszewski cemetery in Warsaw. Honors Bibliography wiki

Arshak II, Arsakes II, King of Armenia, 350-367 n.e. He came from the Armenian dynasty's Armenian dynasty. Control Armenia under his rule was a weak and divided country between the two neighboring powers of Rome and Persia. Arshak II, who ruled the Roman Armenia, sought to maintain neutrality and gain independence for his country by skillfully maneuvering between the two Powers. He married the Roman princess of Olympia. In 367 Armenia was attacked by Szapura II. The Romans did not help, and Arshak II did not have the resources to repel the invasion of the Persians, who persecuted the Christian Armenians by converting them into zoroastrianism by force. Invited by King Szapura II for peace talks was taken. He committed suicide while he was in Persian captivity. wiki

Martin von Wahrendorff (born November 26, 1789, died January 20, 1861 in Stockholm) is a Swedish diplomat, industrialist and inventor. In the years 1818-1820 he was a Chargé d'affaires in the United Kingdom. industrial production methods. His father, Anders von Wahrendorff, was the owner. Manufacturers of cannons in Åkers styckebruk. In 1837, Wahrendorff applied for a patent for his project of a cannon loaded with methane. The first such gun was produced in Åkers styckebruk in 1840. In the 1840s, the Kingdom of Sardinia dispatched Giovanni Cavalli to Åkers to inspect the ordered cannons. Cavalli and Wahrendorff have conducted numerous experiments with prototype divisions. wiki